Libmdbx

New:

- Added the `tools-static` make target to build statically linked MDBX tools.
- Support for Microsoft Visual Studio 2022.
- Support build by MinGW' make from command line without CMake.
- Added `mdbx::filesystem` C++ API namespace that corresponds to `std::filesystem` or `std::experimental::filesystem`.

Fixes:

- Fixed a race between starting a transaction and creating a DBI descriptor that could lead to `SIGSEGV` in the cursor tracking code.
- Clarified description of `MDBX_EPERM` error returned from `mdbx_env_set_geometry()`.
- Fixed non-promoting the parent transaction to be dirty in case the undo of the geometry update failed during abortion of a nested transaction.
- Resolved linking issues with `libstdc++fs`/`libc++fs`/`libc++experimental` for C++ `std::filesystem` or `std::experimental::filesystem` for legacy compilers.
- Added workaround for GNU Make 3.81 and earlier.
- Added workaround for Elbrus/LCC 1.25 compiler bug of class inline `static constexpr` member field.
- [Fixed](https://github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/issues/3874) minor assertion regression (only debug builds were affected).

Minors:

- Resolve minor MSVC warnings: avoid `/INCREMENTAL[:YES]` with `/LTCG`, `/W4` with `/W3`, the `C5105` warning.
- Switched to using `MDBX_EPERM` instead of `MDBX_RESULT_TRUE' to indicate that the geometry cannot be updated.
- Added `NULL` checking during memory allocation inside `mdbx_chk`.
- Resolved all warnings from MinGW while used without CMake.

The stable release with the complete workaround for an incoherence flaw of Linux unified page/buffer cache.
Nonetheless the cause for this trouble may be an issue of Intel CPU cache/MESI.
See [issue269](https://github.com/erthink/libmdbx/issues/269) for more information.

Acknowledgements:

- [David Bouyssié](https://github.com/david-bouyssie) for [Scala bindings](https://github.com/david-bouyssie/mdbx4s).
- [Michelangelo Riccobene](https://github.com/mriccobene) for reporting and testing.

Fixes:

- [Added complete workaround](https://github.com/erthink/libmdbx/issues/269) for an incoherence flaw of Linux unified page/buffer cache.
- [Fixed](https://github.com/erthink/libmdbx/issues/272) cursor reusing for read-only transactions.
- Fixed copy&paste typo inside `mdbx::cursor::find_multivalue()`.

Minors:

- Minor refine C++ API for convenience.
- Minor internals refines.
- Added `lib-static` and `lib-shared` targets for make.
- Added minor workaround for AppleClang 13.3 bug.
- Clarified error messages of a signature/version mismatch.

The release with the temporary hotfix for a flaw of Linux unified page/buffer cache.
See [issue269](https://github.com/erthink/libmdbx/issues/269) for more information.

Acknowledgements:

- [Simon Leier](https://github.com/leisim) for reporting and testing.
- [Kai Wetlesen](https://github.com/kaiwetlesen) for [RPMs](http://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/kwetlesen/libmdbx/).
- [Tullio Canepa](https://github.com/canepat) for reporting C++ API issue and contributing.

Fixes:

- [Added hotfix](https://github.com/erthink/libmdbx/issues/269) for a flaw of Linux unified page/buffer cache.
- [Fixed/Reworked](https://github.com/erthink/libmdbx/pull/270) move-assignment operators for "managed" classes of C++ API.
- Fixed potential `SIGSEGV` while open DB with overrided non-default page size.
- [Made](https://github.com/erthink/libmdbx/issues/267) `mdbx_env_open()` idempotence in failure cases.
- Refined/Fixed pages reservation inside `mdbx_update_gc()` to avoid non-reclamation in a rare cases.
- Fixed typo in a retained space calculation for the hsr-callback.

Minors:

- Reworked functions for meta-pages, split-off non-volatile.
- Disentangled C11-atomic fences/barriers and pure-functions (with `__attribute__((__pure__))`) to avoid compiler misoptimization.
- Fixed hypotetic unaligned access to 64-bit dwords on ARM with `__ARM_FEATURE_UNALIGNED` defined.
- Reasonable paranoia that makes clarity for code readers.
- Minor fixes Doxygen references, comments, descriptions, etc.

The stable release with fixes for large and huge databases sized of 4..128 TiB.

Acknowledgements:

- [Ledgerwatch](https://github.com/ledgerwatch), [Binance](https://github.com/binance-chain) and [Positive Technologies](https://www.ptsecurity.com/) teams for reporting, assistance in investigation and testing.
- [Alex Sharov](https://github.com/AskAlexSharov) for reporting, testing and provide resources for remote debugging/investigation.
- [Kris Zyp](https://github.com/kriszyp) for [Deno](https://deno.land/) support.

New features, extensions and improvements:

- Added treating the `UINT64_MAX` value as maximum for given option inside `mdbx_env_set_option()`.
- Added `to_hex/to_base58/to_base64::output(std::ostream&)` overloads without using temporary string objects as buffers.
- Added `--geometry-jitter=YES|no` option to the test framework.
- Added support for [Deno](https://deno.land/) support by [Kris Zyp](https://github.com/kriszyp).

Fixes:

- Fixed handling `MDBX_opt_rp_augment_limit` for GC's records from huge transactions (Erigon/Akula/Ethereum).
- [Fixed](https://github.com/erthink/libmdbx/issues/258) build on Android (avoid including `sys/sem.h`).
- [Fixed](https://github.com/erthink/libmdbx/pull/261) missing copy assignment operator for `mdbx::move_result`.
- Fixed missing `&` for `std::ostream &operator<<()` overloads.
- Fixed unexpected `EXDEV` (Cross-device link) error from `mdbx_env_copy()`.
- Fixed base64 encoding/decoding bugs in auxillary C++ API.
- Fixed overflow of `pgno_t` during checking PNL on 64-bit platforms.
- [Fixed](https://github.com/erthink/libmdbx/issues/260) excessive PNL checking after sort for spilling.
- Reworked checking `MAX_PAGENO` and DB upper-size geometry limit.
- [Fixed](https://github.com/erthink/libmdbx/issues/265) build for some combinations of versions of MSVC and Windows SDK.

Minors:

- Added workaround for CLANG bug [D79919/PR42445](https://reviews.llvm.org/D79919).
- Fixed build test on Android (using `pthread_barrier_t` stub).
- Disabled C++20 concepts for CLANG < 14 on Android.
- Fixed minor `unused parameter` warning.
- Added CI for Android.
- Refine/cleanup internal logging.
- Refined line splitting inside hex/base58/base64 encoding to avoid `\n` at the end.
- Added workaround for modern libstdc++ with CLANG < 4.x
- Relaxed txn-check rules for auxiliary functions.
- Clarified a comments and descriptions, etc.
- Using the `-fno-semantic interposition` option to reduce the overhead to calling self own public functions.

Acknowledgements:

- [gcxfd <irmw.link>](https://github.com/gcxfd) for reporting, contributing and testing.
- [장세연 (Чан Се Ен)](https://github.com/sasgas) for reporting and testing.
- [Alex Sharov](https://github.com/AskAlexSharov) for reporting, testing and provide resources for remote debugging/investigation.

New features, extensions and improvements:

- [Added](https://github.com/erthink/libmdbx/issues/236) `mdbx_cursor_get_batch()`.
- [Added](https://github.com/erthink/libmdbx/issues/250) `MDBX_SET_UPPERBOUND`.
- C++ API is finalized now.
- The GC update stage has been [significantly speeded](https://github.com/erthink/libmdbx/issues/254) when fixing huge Erigon's transactions (Ethereum ecosystem).

Fixes:

- Disabled C++20 concepts for stupid AppleClang 13.x
- Fixed internal collision of `MDBX_SHRINK_ALLOWED` with `MDBX_ACCEDE`.

Minors:

- Fixed returning `MDBX_RESULT_TRUE` (unexpected -1) from `mdbx_env_set_option()`.
- Added `mdbx_env_get_syncbytes()` and `mdbx_env_get_syncperiod()`.
- [Clarified](https://github.com/erthink/libmdbx/pull/249) description of `MDBX_INTEGERKEY`.
- Reworked/simplified `mdbx_env_sync_internal()`.
- [Fixed](https://github.com/erthink/libmdbx/issues/248) extra assertion inside `mdbx_cursor_put()` for `MDBX_DUPFIXED` cases.
- Avoiding extra looping inside `mdbx_env_info_ex()`.
- Explicitly enabled core dumps from stochastic tests scripts on Linux.
- [Fixed](https://github.com/erthink/libmdbx/issues/253) `mdbx_override_meta()` to avoid false-positive assertions.
- For compatibility reverted returning `MDBX_ENODATA`for some cases.

Acknowledgements:

- [장세연 (Чан Се Ен)](https://github.com/sasgas) for contributing to C++ API.
- [Alain Picard](https://github.com/castortech) for [Java bindings](https://github.com/castortech/mdbxjni).
- [Alex Sharov](https://github.com/AskAlexSharov) for reporting and testing.
- [Kris Zyp](https://github.com/kriszyp) for reporting and testing.
- [Artem Vorotnikov](https://github.com/vorot93) for support [Rust wrapper](https://github.com/vorot93/libmdbx-rs).

Fixes:

- [Fixed compilation](https://github.com/erthink/libmdbx/pull/239) with `devtoolset-9` on CentOS/RHEL 7.
- [Fixed unexpected `MDBX_PROBLEM` error](https://github.com/erthink/libmdbx/issues/242) because of update an obsolete meta-page.
- [Fixed returning `MDBX_NOTFOUND` error](https://github.com/erthink/libmdbx/issues/243) in case an inexact value found for `MDBX_GET_BOTH` operation.
- [Fixed compilation](https://github.com/erthink/libmdbx/issues/245) without kernel/libc-devel headers.

Minors:

- Fixed `constexpr`-related macros for legacy compilers.
- Allowed to define 'CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD` using an environment variable.
- Simplified collection statistics of page operation .
- Added `MDBX_FORCE_BUILD_AS_MAIN_PROJECT` cmake option.
- Remove unneeded `undef P_DIRTY`.