The code released in v2.10.0 is practically identical to that of v2.10.0b2.
[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.10.0)
See the [v2.10 release blog post](https://pydantic.dev/articles/pydantic-v2-10-release) for the highlights!
What's Changed
Packaging
* Bump `pydantic-core` to `v2.27.0` by sydney-runkle in [10825](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10825)
* Replaced pdm with uv by frfahim in [10727](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10727)
New Features
* Support `fractions.Fraction` by sydney-runkle in [10318](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10318)
* Support `Hashable` for json validation by sydney-runkle in [10324](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10324)
* Add a `SocketPath` type for `linux` systems by theunkn0wn1 in [10378](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10378)
* Allow arbitrary refs in JSON schema `examples` by sydney-runkle in [10417](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10417)
* Support `defer_build` for Pydantic dataclasses by Viicos in [10313](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10313)
* Adding v1 / v2 incompatibility warning for nested v1 model by sydney-runkle in [10431](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10431)
* Add support for unpacked `TypedDict` to type hint variadic keyword arguments with `validate_call` by Viicos in [10416](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10416)
* Support compiled patterns in `protected_namespaces` by sydney-runkle in [10522](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10522)
* Add support for `propertyNames` in JSON schema by FlorianSW in [10478](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10478)
* Adding `__replace__` protocol for Python 3.13+ support by sydney-runkle in [10596](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10596)
* Expose public `sort` method for JSON schema generation by sydney-runkle in [10595](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10595)
* Add runtime validation of `validate_call` callable argument by kc0506 in [10627](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10627)
* Add `experimental_allow_partial` support by samuelcolvin in [10748](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10748)
* Support default factories taking validated data as an argument by Viicos in [10678](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10678)
* Allow subclassing `ValidationError` and `PydanticCustomError` by Youssefares in [pydantic/pydantic-core1413](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1413)
* Add `trailing-strings` support to `experimental_allow_partial` by sydney-runkle in [10825](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10825)
* Add `rebuild()` method for `TypeAdapter` and simplify `defer_build` patterns by sydney-runkle in [10537](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10537)
* Improve `TypeAdapter` instance repr by sydney-runkle in [10872](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10872)
Changes
* Don't allow customization of `SchemaGenerator` until interface is more stable by sydney-runkle in [10303](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10303)
* Cleanly `defer_build` on `TypeAdapters`, removing experimental flag by sydney-runkle in [10329](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10329)
* Fix `mro` of generic subclass by kc0506 in [10100](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10100)
* Strip whitespaces on JSON Schema title generation by sydney-runkle in [10404](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10404)
* Use `b64decode` and `b64encode` for `Base64Bytes` type by sydney-runkle in [10486](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10486)
* Relax protected namespace config default by sydney-runkle in [10441](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10441)
* Revalidate parametrized generics if instance's origin is subclass of OG class by sydney-runkle in [10666](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10666)
* Warn if configuration is specified on the `dataclass` decorator and with the `__pydantic_config__` attribute by sydney-runkle in [10406](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10406)
* Recommend against using `Ellipsis` (...) with `Field` by Viicos in [10661](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10661)
* Migrate to subclassing instead of annotated approach for pydantic url types by sydney-runkle in [10662](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10662)
* Change JSON schema generation of `Literal`s and `Enums` by Viicos in [10692](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10692)
* Simplify unions involving `Any` or `Never` when replacing type variables by Viicos in [10338](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10338)
* Do not require padding when decoding `base64` bytes by bschoenmaeckers in [pydantic/pydantic-core1448](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1448)
* Support dates all the way to 1BC by changhc in [pydantic/speedate77](https://github.com/pydantic/speedate/pull/77)
Performance
* Schema cleaning: skip unnecessary copies during schema walking by Viicos in [10286](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10286)
* Refactor namespace logic for annotations evaluation by Viicos in [10530](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10530)
* Improve email regexp on edge cases by AlekseyLobanov in [10601](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10601)
* `CoreMetadata` refactor with an emphasis on documentation, schema build time performance, and reducing complexity by sydney-runkle in [10675](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10675)
Fixes
* Remove guarding check on `computed_field` with `field_serializer` by nix010 in [10390](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10390)
* Fix `Predicate` issue in `v2.9.0` by sydney-runkle in [10321](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10321)
* Fixing `annotated-types` bound by sydney-runkle in [10327](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10327)
* Turn `tzdata` install requirement into optional `timezone` dependency by jakob-keller in [10331](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10331)
* Use correct types namespace when building `namedtuple` core schemas by Viicos in [10337](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10337)
* Fix evaluation of stringified annotations during namespace inspection by Viicos in [10347](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10347)
* Fix `IncEx` type alias definition by Viicos in [10339](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10339)
* Do not error when trying to evaluate annotations of private attributes by Viicos in [10358](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10358)
* Fix nested type statement by kc0506 in [10369](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10369)
* Improve typing of `ModelMetaclass.mro` by Viicos in [10372](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10372)
* Fix class access of deprecated `computed_field`s by Viicos in [10391](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10391)
* Make sure `inspect.iscoroutinefunction` works on coroutines decorated with `validate_call` by MovisLi in [10374](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10374)
* Fix `NameError` when using `validate_call` with PEP 695 on a class by kc0506 in [10380](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10380)
* Fix `ZoneInfo` with various invalid types by sydney-runkle in [10408](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10408)
* Fix `PydanticUserError` on empty `model_config` with annotations by cdwilson in [10412](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10412)
* Fix variance issue in `_IncEx` type alias, only allow `True` by Viicos in [10414](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10414)
* Fix serialization schema generation when using `PlainValidator` by Viicos in [10427](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10427)
* Fix schema generation error when serialization schema holds references by Viicos in [10444](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10444)
* Inline references if possible when generating schema for `json_schema_input_type` by Viicos in [10439](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10439)
* Fix recursive arguments in `Representation` by Viicos in [10480](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10480)
* Fix representation for builtin function types by kschwab in [10479](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10479)
* Add python validators for decimal constraints (`max_digits` and `decimal_places`) by sydney-runkle in [10506](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10506)
* Only fetch `__pydantic_core_schema__` from the current class during schema generation by Viicos in [10518](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10518)
* Fix `stacklevel` on deprecation warnings for `BaseModel` by sydney-runkle in [10520](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10520)
* Fix warning `stacklevel` in `BaseModel.__init__` by Viicos in [10526](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10526)
* Improve error handling for in-evaluable refs for discriminator application by sydney-runkle in [10440](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10440)
* Change the signature of `ConfigWrapper.core_config` to take the title directly by Viicos in [10562](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10562)
* Do not use the previous config from the stack for dataclasses without config by Viicos in [10576](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10576)
* Fix serialization for IP types with `mode='python'` by sydney-runkle in [10594](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10594)
* Support constraint application for `Base64Etc` types by sydney-runkle in [10584](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10584)
* Fix `validate_call` ignoring `Field` in `Annotated` by kc0506 in [10610](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10610)
* Raise an error when `Self` is invalid by kc0506 in [10609](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10609)
* Using `core_schema.InvalidSchema` instead of metadata injection + checks by sydney-runkle in [10523](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10523)
* Tweak type alias logic by kc0506 in [10643](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10643)
* Support usage of `type` with `typing.Self` and type aliases by kc0506 in [10621](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10621)
* Use overloads for `Field` and `PrivateAttr` functions by Viicos in [10651](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10651)
* Clean up the `mypy` plugin implementation by Viicos in [10669](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10669)
* Properly check for `typing_extensions` variant of `TypeAliasType` by Daraan in [10713](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10713)
* Allow any mapping in `BaseModel.model_copy()` by Viicos in [10751](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10751)
* Fix `isinstance` behavior for urls by sydney-runkle in [10766](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10766)
* Ensure `cached_property` can be set on Pydantic models by Viicos in [10774](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10774)
* Fix equality checks for primitives in literals by sydney-runkle in [pydantic/pydantic-core1459](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1459)
* Properly enforce `host_required` for URLs by Viicos in [pydantic/pydantic-core1488](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1488)
* Fix when `coerce_numbers_to_str` enabled and string has invalid Unicode character by andrey-berenda in [pydantic/pydantic-core1515](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1515)
* Fix serializing `complex` values in `Enum`s by changhc in [pydantic/pydantic-core1524](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1524)
* Refactor `_typing_extra` module by Viicos in [10725](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10725)
* Support intuitive equality for urls by sydney-runkle in [10798](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10798)
* Add `bytearray` to `TypeAdapter.validate_json` signature by samuelcolvin in [10802](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10802)
* Ensure class access of method descriptors is performed when used as a default with `Field` by Viicos in [10816](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10816)
* Fix circular import with `validate_call` by sydney-runkle in [10807](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10807)
* Fix error when using type aliases referencing other type aliases by Viicos in [10809](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10809)
* Fix `IncEx` type alias to be compatible with mypy by Viicos in [10813](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10813)
* Make `__signature__` a lazy property, do not deepcopy defaults by Viicos in [10818](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10818)
* Make `__signature__` lazy for dataclasses, too by sydney-runkle in [10832](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10832)
* Subclass all single host url classes from `AnyUrl` to preserve behavior from v2.9 by sydney-runkle in [10856](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10856)
New Contributors
* jakob-keller made their first contribution in [10331](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10331)
* MovisLi made their first contribution in [10374](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10374)
* joaopalmeiro made their first contribution in [10405](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10405)
* theunkn0wn1 made their first contribution in [10378](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10378)
* cdwilson made their first contribution in [10412](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10412)
* dlax made their first contribution in [10421](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10421)
* kschwab made their first contribution in [10479](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10479)
* santibreo made their first contribution in [10453](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10453)
* FlorianSW made their first contribution in [10478](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10478)
* tkasuz made their first contribution in [10555](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10555)
* AlekseyLobanov made their first contribution in [10601](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10601)
* NiclasvanEyk made their first contribution in [10667](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10667)
* mschoettle made their first contribution in [10677](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10677)
* Daraan made their first contribution in [10713](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10713)
* k4nar made their first contribution in [10736](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10736)
* UriyaHarpeness made their first contribution in [10740](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10740)
* frfahim made their first contribution in [10727](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10727)