Shapely

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- Make Polygons and MultiPolygons closed by definition, like LinearRings.
Resolves 1246.
- Perform frozen app check for GEOS before conda env check on macos as we
already do on linux (1301).
- Fix leak of GEOS coordinate sequence in nearest_points reported in 1098.

------------------------

This post-release addresses a defect in the 1.8.1 source distribution. No .c
files are included in the 1.8.1.post1 sdist and Cython is required to build and
install from source.

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Packaging:

Wheels for 1.8.1 published on PyPI include GEOS 3.10.2. This version is the
best version of GEOS yet. Discrepancies in behavior compared to previous
versions are considered to be improvements.

For the first time, we will publish wheels for macos_arm64 (see PR 1310).

Python version support:

Shapely 1.8.1 works with Pythons 3.6-3.10.

Bug fixes:

- Require Cython >= 0.29.24 to support Python 3.10 (1224).
- Fix array_interface_base (1235).

features, but it is mainly about warning of the upcoming changes in 2.0.0.
Several more pre-releases before 1.8.0 are expected. See the migration guide
to Shapely 1.8 / 2.0 for more details on how to update your code
(https://shapely.readthedocs.io/en/latest/migration.html).

Python version support:

Shapely 1.8 will support only Python versions >= 3.5 (884).

Deprecations:

The following functions and geometry attributes and methods will be removed in
version 2.0.0.

- ops.cascaded_union
- geometry .empty()
- geometry .ctypes and .__array_interface__
- multi-part geometry .__len__
- setting custom attributes on geometry objects

Geometry objects will become immutable in version 2.0.0.

The STRtree class will be entirely changed in 2.0.0. The exact future API is
not yet decided, but will be decided before 1.8.0 is released.

Deprecation warnings will be emitted in 1.8a1 when any of these features are
used.

The deprecated .to_wkb() and .to_wkt() methods on the geometry objects have
been removed.

New features:

- Add a normalize() method to geometry classes, exposing the GEOSNormalize
algorithm (1090).
- Initialize STRtree with a capacity of 10 items per node (1070).
- Load libraries relocated to shapely/.libs by auditwheel versions < 3.1 or
relocated to Shapely.libs by auditwheel versions >= 3.1.
- shapely.ops.voronoi_diagram() computes the Voronoi Diagram of a geometry or
geometry collection (833, 851).
- shapely.validation.make_valid() fixes invalid geometries (883)

Bug fixes:

- For pyinstaller we now handle the case of more than one GEOS library in the
environment, such as when fiona and rasterio wheels are co-installed with
shapely (1071).
- The ops.split function now splits on touch to eliminate confusing
discrepancies between results using multi and single part splitters (1034).
- Several issues with duplication and order of vertices in ops.substring have
been fixed (1008).

Packaging:

- The wheels uploaded to PyPI will include GEOS 3.9.1.

Previous releases
-----------------

For older releases in the 1.x line, see https://shapely.readthedocs.io/en/latest/release/1.x.html

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Build:

A pyproject.toml file has been added to specify build dependencies for the
_vectorized and _speedups modules (1128). To install shapely without these
build dependencies, use the features of your build tool that disable PEP 517
and 518 support.

Bug fixes:

- Part of PR 1042, which added a new primary GEOS library name to be searched
for, has been reverted by PR 1201.

-------------------

Deprecations:

The almost_exact() method of BaseGeometry has been deprecated. It is confusing
and will be removed in 2.0.0. The equals_exact() method is to be used instead.

Bug fixes:

- We ensure that the _speedups module is always imported before _vectorized to
avoid an unexplained condition on Windows with Python 3.8 and 3.9 (1184).