Dymos

Latest version: v1.12.0

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1.8.0

April 18, 2023

Dymos 1.8.0 removes some deprecated OpenMDAO features that are removed as of version 3.26.0.
It also adds a new trajectory results report that is generated by `dymos.run_problem(..., make_plots=True)`.
This single HTML file contains summaries of the parameters in each phase as well as plots of the timeseries values
across phases in each trajectory.
Generating this file requires `bokeh` rather than matplotlib - a message in the HTML file will inform the user if bokeh
was unavailable.
ExplicitShooting is now consistent with `solve_segments` in the way initial state values are specified.
This release also provides better logic when connecting variables of different units via phase linkages.

Backwards Incompatible API Changes & Deprecations
- Remove deprecated src_indices argument in add_parameter() [920](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/920)
- Initial states in ExplicitShooting now provided with `phase_path.initial_states:state_name` [915](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/915)

Enhancements
- trajectory results report now automatically generated by run_problem [918](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/918)

Bug Fixes
- Added better logic to detect different units across linkage constraints. [913](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/913)

Miscellaneous
- Documentation fixes [906](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/906)
- Cleaned up GitHub workflows [907](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/907)
- Minor changes focused on plotting utility [908](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/908)
- Documentation fixes [909](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/909)
- Replaced deprecated 'value' keyword with 'val' [910](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/910)
- Fixed missing component in Re-entry docs [914](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/914)

1.7.0

February 09, 2023

Version 1.7.0 contains some significant enhancements to its capabilities.

Major improvements include:
- Users may now specify boundary constraints, path constraints, and the objective within a phase as expressions. These expressions must contain an equals sign and must be complex-step-safe. This allows the user to impose constraints or objectives on quantities that may not be computed by the given equations of motion model.
- The user can now rename the time variable. Integration with respect to another variable (such as range for an aircraft) has always been possible, but dymos still always called the variable "time". Now, it will be more clear.
- The ExplicitShooting transcription has been reworked to include a continuous adjoint for derivatives and uses the stock scipy.integrate.solve_ivp integrators to perform the actual integraiton. Note that this method may result in inaccurate derivatives when the time step varies widely thoughout an integration. (We're working on that part).
- Imposing rate2 continuity on controls would previously generate confusing errors with some optimizers like SLSQP. If the polynomial order of the control representation was quadratic, then the second derivative would always be zero. Continuity was thus guaranteed, but SLSQP would fail because it lacked the ability to affect that continuity despite it always being satisfied. Now Dymos will only respect control rate2 continuity across segment junctions if it can affect continuity at the segment junction.
- The `run_problem` method now includes a sanity check on time bounds. If it detects that the linkage constraints between two phases in time cannot be satisfied due to initial time and duration bounds on all previous phases, a warning will be raised.

Backwards Incompatible API Changes & Deprecations

- Deprecated Trajectory.add_linkage_constraint arguments sign_a and sign_b [888](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/888)
- Deprecated SolveIVP transcription. The `simulate` method now uses the ExplicitShooting transcription without derivatives. [898](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/898)

Enhancements

- Added ability to control continuity scaling for states and controls. [866](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/866)
- Parameter flow added to linkage report diagram [873](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/873)
- Added ability to allow the user to change the name of the integration variable. [874](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/874)
- Added ability to add expressions as constraints [875](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/875)
- Added the derivative of speed of sound wrt altitude as an output [879](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/879)
- Phase objectives may now be given as expressions. [880](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/880)
- Interim continuous-adjoint shooting implementation [885](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/885)
- Replaced existing ExplicitShooting instance with the continuous-adjoint Implementation [891](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/891)
- Selectively apply rate2 continuity to indices where it can be impacted. [896](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/896)
- Raise an exception if the initial time of a phase is unreachable [899](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/899)

Bug Fixes

- Fixed load_case when a phase does not exist in the case. [863](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/863)
- Fixed url in _config.yml so that documentation examples can open at the Google colab. [868](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/868)
- Fixed dymos.load_case so that it does not load states or controls into AnalyticPhases [871](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/871)
- Fixed an unnecessary error when linking phases with different units via connection. [872](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/872)
- Handle parameter names containing colons in Dymos linkage report [900](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/900)

Miscellaneous

- Fixed broken image links in the water rocket example in the documentation. [902](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/902)

1.6.1

November 14, 2022

Version 1.6.1 of Dymos addresses bugs described below.

This release also includes the start of an implementation to allow calculated expressions to be used as
constraints and timeseries outputs, but this feature is still undergoing development and documentation.

Backwards Incompatible API Changes & Deprecations

None

Enhancements

* Added the ability to include calculation expressions in timeseries outputs. This feature is still undergoing development and is not supported as of this release. [846](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/846)
* Added ability to specify constraint metadata (scaler, ref, linear, etc) when calling `link_phases`. [858](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/858)

Bug Fixes

* Fixed a bug in polynomial controls and rates were included in timeseries outputs for ExplicitShooting. [840](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/840)
* Fixed an interpolation issue where scipy now requires unique x-axis values. [842](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/842)
* Added a better error message when time units are `None` and state rate introspection fails to find valid state units based on state rate units. [851](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/851)
* Fixed an issue that was causing states not to show up in the timeseries outputs for AnalyticPhase. [853](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/853)
* Fixed a bug that was causing errors when phase linkages involved parameters. [858](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/858)

Miscellaneous

* Various github workflow issues addressed due to changes in dependencies. [844](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/844) [#849](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/849) [#854](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/854)

1.6.0

October 17, 2022

Version 1.6.0 of Dymos implements many improvements since our last release.

The new AnalyticPhase is useful for when the state values are analytically known as functions of time and other parameters.
States are not only outputs and therefore values cannot be fixed or bounded, though they can be constrained with boundary and path constraints.
AnalyticPhase does not support controls (or polynomial controls).
Unlike other phase types which use the ODE solver in scipy.solve_ivp to propagate a trajectory based on the current control history, AnalyticPhase simply provides its outputs.
AnalyticPhase does not have a notion of segments.
Instead, it simply evaluates the value of the states at some set of `N` nodes, where `N` is given by the user and the node locations are the Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto nodes in non-dimensional phase time.

It will also be the last version of the code before we introduce more tailored phase classes that are more closely coupled to their transcription.
In the following 1.7.0 release, instantiating `Phase` will result in a deprecation warning and inform the user on how to change their phase instantiation calls.

Dymos now automatically generates a linkage report html file when appropriate.
This report looks similar to the N2, and helps to visualize the continuity of variables across phases within a trajectory.

Other changes include a significant cleanup of the timeseries output code, allowing users to rename states/controls/etc. in the timeseries outputs as they see fit.
Timeseries can now also provide approximate rates of outputs (based on fitting them on the current grid and interpolating the derivative of the resulting polynomial).
In an upcoming release, the user will be able to easily apply constraints to these approximated rates.

Backwards Incompatible API Changes & Deprecations

* State option `connected_initial` is deprecated in favor of `input_initial`. This is more in-line with the time option, and reflects the fact that there's no requirement that the user actually connect to the value.
* The Lagrange interpolation and differentiation matrices are now generated much more efficiently, but change in the order of operations may result in small numerical differences in interpolatation of states and controls (generally on the order of 1E-12).

Enhancements

* Refactored TimeComp to avoid unnecessary recalculation of partials. [759](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/759)
* Added a new N2-like linkage report to show continuity of variables between phases. [764](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/764)
* Added timeseries rates for pseudospectral transcriptions. [781](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/781)
* Trajectory.phases subgroup is now available before setup. [782](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/782)
* Changed time series plots directory to be under the problem reports directory. [784](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/784)
* `run_problem` argument `restart` now allows a specific Case to be provided. [801](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/801)
* Added warning when restarting with fix_final=True. [804](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/804)
* Added the classic cart-pole example problem - thank you kanekosh! [808](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/808)
* Updated assert_timeseries_near_equal to work with more general cases [810](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/810)
* Refactored the timeseries handling to be more general and less transcription-specific. [816](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/816)
* Added AnalyticPhase for phases in which no numerical integration is necessary. [833](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/833)

Bug Fixes

* Fixed an error when an invalid rate source is provided for a state. [761](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/761)
* Fixed a bug in size of trajectory parameters as passed to phases. [770](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/770)
* Minor changes to fix occasional report testing failures. [785](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/785)
* Fixed example code impacted by matplotlib change [826](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/826)
* Fixed condition under which trajectory linkage reports are generated. [828](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/828)
* Fixed issue in reentry example that was causing optimization to fail under SLSQP. [831](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/831)

Miscellaneous

* Updated optimizer settings to improve convergence of the racecar example. [752](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/752)
* Changed setup to use setuptools instead of distutils. [757](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/757)
* Changes to use OpenMDAOs updated report system. [763](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/763)
* Updated github workflow and setup.py. [768](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/768)
* Switched to using mamba in CI workflow due to issues with conda. [772](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/772)
* Updated optimizer settings to improve convergence of two-burn orbit raise example. [775](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/775)
* Cleaned up error message from `assert_cases_equal` test utility a bit. [779](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/779)
* Cleaned up CI and testing. [788](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/788)
* Fixed two problems with the linkage report test [793](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/793)
* Updated pyoptsparse build in github workflows [805](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/805)
* Added small changes to improve coverage. [809](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/809)
* Fixed CI dependency issues based on some broken jupyter-book dependencies. [812](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/812)
* Various code cleanup items added. [807](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/807)
* Made a few minor cleanups for the cartpole example. [815](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/815)

1.5.0

May 05, 2022

This is version 1.5.0 of Dymos.

This version adds better support for OpenMDAO's automatic generation of reports.
Sub-problems, used to wrap ODEs for simulation or the ExplicitShooting transcription, will no longer generate problem reports by default.

Phase parameters have been refactored so that they are always available as an input (`path.to.phase.parameters:{param_name}`) and an output (`path.to.phase.parameter_vals:{param_name}`). This should make connecting parameters to downstream models more intuitive since the user is no longer required to do so via promotion. We also fixed some instances where Dymos would not detect invalid targets for parameters in some situations. This may detect issues in existing models that were previously undetected by Dymos.


The model for providing the 1976 standard atmosphere, `USatm1976Comp`, was originally intended to support some tests in Dymos but over time has been used by other projects. It has been changed such that it can accept either geodetic or geopotential altitude as input. The default is currently geopotential input (no transformation is performed on the altitude before interpolating the atmosphere table). In the future this will likely change to geodetic, since it's more likely to be the intent of the user that the provided altitude is geodetic. This will result in a minor change in the interpolated atmospheric properties, especially at higher altitudes, but we've found it to have only minor impact on results of several cases.


Several enhancements and bug fixes have been performed regarding constraints. The recent constraint aliasing update in OpenMDAO allows us to apply separate constraints to different indices of the same variables, meaning that we can apply path and boundary constraints directly to the timeseries outputs and no longer need separate pass-thru components to handle them. Also, importantly, all boundary constraints and path constraints are currently marked as nonlinear. Dymos previously attempted to determine when constraints could potentially be linear, but it's difficult to know the linearity of inputs from outside the trajectory or phase. The logic to determine this was starting to get quite complex, so we decided to remove it entirely for now. If the user is 100% certain that a boundary constraint or path constraint can validly be treated as linear, then the `linear=True` argument can be added to `add_boundary_constraint` or `add_path_constraint`. Just note that this WILL cause the failure of the optimization if the constraint output is not actually a linear function of the design variables. This assumption of non-linearity also works around some issues we were seeing with the way OpenMAO and pyOptSparse handle linear constraints with nonzero y-intercepts.
**This assumption of nonlinearity in boundary and path constraints may cause some models to have different convergence behavior and we welcome feedback if you experience problems due to this.**

Enhancements

* Users can now pass `simulate_kwargs` from `dymos.run_problem`. [720](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/720)
* Added `set_parameter_options` method to `Trajectory` for better API consistency. [721](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/721)
* USatm1976Comp now accepts altitude as either geopotential or geodetic. [735](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/735)
* Disabled reports by default for subproblems under simulate and ExplicitShooting. [741](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/741)
* Constraints are now applied directly to timeseries outputs, and several other constraint improvements. [743](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/743)

Bug Fixes

* Fixed a bug that caused a hang when running the constraint report on MPI. [731](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/731)
* Fixed a bug where trajectory parameters with no valid target will not flag an error. [744](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/744)

Miscellaneous

* Fixed plots on several of the documentation examples. [709](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/709)
* Added an example of using OpenMDAO's FunctionComp API for an ODE. [710](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/710)
* Cleanup of the configuration/introspection stack. [713](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/713)
* Reuse the OpenMDAO _ReprClass for `_unspecified` to deal with some issues with MPI operation. [724](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/724)
* Added workflow_dispatch trigger on github so Dymos tests can be triggered by OpenMDAO pull requests. [732](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/732) [#736](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/736)
* Fixed an incorrect equation in the documentation of the calculation of flight path angle. [734](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/734)

1.4.0

January 05, 2022

This is version 1.4.0 of Dymos.
It includes a fix for grid refinement and simulation with parameters, some minor performance improvements, and various documentation updates.

Enhancements

* Disabled check_partials of Dymos core components by default. [686](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/686)
* Added performance improvements for PseudospectralTimeseriesOutputComp. [688](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/688)
* Added a warning if bounds are applied to a state during solve_segments. [691](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/691)
* Expanded the included 1976 standard atmosphere model to cover -15000 ft to 250000 ft and doc cleanup. [699](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/699)
* Added the Bryson-Denham example problem and other various documentation improvements. [700](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/700) [#702](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/702) [#704](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/704)
* Changed deprecated 'value' metadata usages to 'val'. [706](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/706)

Bug Fixes

* Fixed a bug that could result in incorrect parameter values in simulation. [684](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/684)
* Fixed example that doesn't work in google collab. [690](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/690)
* Fixed a bug in grid refinement error estimation for state rates not from ODE. [703](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/703)

Miscellaneous

* Added [notebooks] spec when installing with pip. [695](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/695)
* Added CI matrix entry for testing without pyoptsparse. [697](https://github.com/OpenMDAO/dymos/pull/697)

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