Podman

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4.0.3

Security
- This release fixes CVE-2022-27649, where containers run by Podman would have excess inheritable capabilities set.

Changes
- The `podman machine rm --force` command will now remove running machines as well (such machines are shut down first, then removed) ([13448](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13448)).
- When a `podman machine` VM is started that is using a too-old VM image, it will now start in a reduced functionality mode, and provide instructions on how to recreate it (previously, VMs were effectively unusable) ([13510](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13510)).

Bugfixes
- Fixed a bug where devices added to containers by the `--device` option to `podman run` and `podman create` would not be accessible within the container.
- Fixed a bug where Podman would refuse to create containers when the working directory in the container was a symlink ([13346](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13346)).
- Fixed a bug where pods would be created with cgroups even if cgroups were disabled in `containers.conf` ([13411](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13411)).
- Fixed a bug where the `podman play kube` command would produce confusing errors if invalid YAML with duplicated container named was passed ([13332](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13332)).
- Fixed a bug where the `podman machine rm` command would not remove the Podman API socket on the host that was associated with the VM.
- Fixed a bug where the remote Podman client was unable to properly resize the TTYs of containers on non-Linux OSes.
- Fixed a bug where rootless Podman could hang indefinitely when starting containers on systems with IPv6 disabled ([13388](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13388)).
- Fixed a bug where the `podman version` command could sometimes print excess blank lines as part of its output.
- Fixed a bug where the `podman generate systemd` command would sometimes generate systemd services with names beginning with a hyphen ([13272](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13272)).
- Fixed a bug where locally building the pause image could fail if the current directory contained a `.dockerignore` file ([13529](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13529)).
- Fixed a bug where root containers in VMs created by `podman machine` could not bind ports to specific IPs on the host ([13543](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13543)).
- Fixed a bug where the storage utilization percentages displayed by `podman system df` were incorrect ([13516](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13516)).
- Fixed a bug where the CPU utilization percentages displayed by `podman stats` were incorrect ([13597](https://github.com/containers/podman/pull/13597)).
- Fixed a bug where containers created with the `--no-healthcheck` option would still display healthcheck status in `podman inspect` ([13578](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13578)).
- Fixed a bug where the `podman pod rm` command could print a warning about a missing cgroup ([13382](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13382)).
- Fixed a bug where the `podman exec` command could sometimes print a `timed out waiting for file` error after the process in the container exited ([13227](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13227)).
- Fixed a bug where virtual machines created by `podman machine` were not tolerant of changes to the path to the qemu binary on the host ([13394](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13394)).
- Fixed a bug where the remote Podman client's `podman build` command did not properly handle the context directory if a Containerfile was manually specified using `-f` ([13293](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13293)).
- Fixed a bug where Podman would not properly detect the use of `systemd` as PID 1 in a container when the entrypoint was prefixed with `/bin/sh -c` ([13324](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13324)).
- Fixed a bug where rootless Podman could, on systems that do not use `systemd` as init, print a warning message about the rootless network namespace ([13703](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13703)).
- Fixed a bug where the default systemd unit file for `podman system service` did not delegate all cgroup controllers, resulting in `podman info` queries against the remote API returning incorrect cgroup controllers ([13710](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13710)).
- Fixed a bug where the `slirp4netns` port forwarder for rootless Podman would only publish the first port of a range ([13643](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13643)).

API
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Create API for containers did not properly handle permissions for tmpfs mounts ([13108](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13108)).

Misc
- The static binary for Linux is now built with CGo disabled to avoid panics due to a Golang bug ([13557](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13557)).
- Updated Buildah to v1.24.3
- Updated the containers/storage library to v1.38.3
- Updated the containers/image library to v5.19.2
- Updated the containers/common library to v0.47.5

4.0.2

Bugfixes

- Revert "use GetRuntimeDir() from c/common"

4.0.1

Not secure
Bugfixes
- Fixed a bug where the `podman play kube` command did not honor the `mountPropagation` field in Pod YAML ([13322](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13322)).
- Fixed a bug where the `--build=false` option to `podman play kube` was not honored ([13285](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13285)).
- Fixed a bug where a container using volumes from another container (via `--volumes-from`) could, under certain circumstances, exit with errors that it could not delete some volumes if the other container did not exit before it ([12808](https://github.com/containers/podman/issue\
s/12808)).
- Fixed a bug where the `CONTAINERS_CONF` environment variable was not propagated to Conmon, which could result in Podman cleanup processes being run with incorrect configurations.

4.0.0

Not secure
Security
- This release addresses CVE-2022-1227, where running `podman top` on a container made from a maliciously-crafted image and using a user namespace could allow for code execution in the host context.

Features
- Podman has seen an extensive rewrite of its network stack to add support for Netavark, a new tool for configuring container networks, in addition to the existing CNI stack. Netavark will be default on new installations when it is available.
- The `podman network connect` command now supports three new options, `--ip`, `--ip6`, and `--mac-address`, to specify configuration for the new network that will be attached.
- The `podman network create` command now allows the `--subnet`, `--gateway`, and `--ip-range` options to be specified multiple times, to allow for the creation of dual-stack IPv4 and IPv6 networks with user-specified subnets.
- The `--network` option to `podman create`, `podman pod create`, `podman run`, and `podman play kube` can now, when specifying a network name, also specify advanced network options such as `alias`, `ip`, `mac`, and `interface_name`, allowing advanced configuration of networks when creating containers connected to more than one network.
- The `podman play kube` command can now specify the `--net` option multiple times, to connect created containers and pods to multiple networks.
- The `podman create`, `podman pod create`, and `podman run` commands now support a new option, `--ip6`, to specify a static IPv6 address for the created container or pod to use.
- Macvlan networks can now configure the mode of the network via the `-o mode=` option.
- When using the CNI network stack, a new network driver, `ipvlan`, is now available.
- The `podman info` command will now print the network backend in use (Netavark or CNI).
- The network backend to use can be now be specified in `containers.conf` via the `network_backend` field. Please note that it is not recommended to switch backends while containers exist, and a system reboot is recommended after doing so.
- All Podman commands now support a new option, `--noout`, that suppresses all output to STDOUT.
- All commands that can remove containers (`podman rm --force`, `podman pod rm --force`, `podman volume rm --force`, `podman network rm --force`) now accept a `--time` option to specify the timeout on stopping the container before resorting to `SIGKILL` (identical to the `--time` flag to `podman stop`).
- The `podman run` and `podman create` commands now support a new option, `--passwd`, that uses the `/etc/passwd` and `/etc/groups` files from the image in the created container without changes by Podman ([11805](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11805)).
- The `podman run` and `podman create` commands now support a new option, `--hostuser`, that creates one or more users in the container based on users from the host (e.g. with matching username, UID, and GID).
- The `podman create` and `podman run` commands now support two new options, `--unsetenv` and `--unsetenv-all`, to clear default environment variables set by Podman and by the container image ([11836](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11836)).
- The `podman rm` command now supports a new option, `--depend`, which recursively removes a given container and all containers that depend on it ([10360](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/10360)).
- All commands that support filtering their output based on labels (e.g. `podman volume ls`, `podman ps`) now support labels specified using regular expressions (e.g. `--filter label=some.prefix.com/key/*`).
- The `podman pod create` command now supports the `--volume` option, allowing volumes to be specified that will be mounted automatically to all containers in the pod ([10379](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/10379)).
- The `podman pod create` command now supports the `--device` option, allowing devices to be specified that will be mounted automatically to all containers in the pod.
- The `podman pod create` command now supports the `--volumes-from` option, allowing volumes from an existing Podman container to be mounted automatically to all containers in the pod.
- The `podman pod create` command now supports the `--security-opt` option, allowing security settings (e.g. disabling SELinux or Seccomp) to be configured automatically for all containers in the pod ([12173](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12173)).
- The `podman pod create` command now supports the `--share-parent` option, which defaults to true, controlling whether containers in the pod will use a shared cgroup parent.
- The `podman pod create` command now supports the `--sysctl` option, allowing sysctls to be configured automatically for all containers in the pod.
- The `podman events` command now supports the `--no-trunc` option, which will allow short container IDs to be displayed instead of the default full IDs. The flag defaults to true, so full IDs remain the default ([8941](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/8941)).
- The `podman machine init` command now supports a new VM type, `wsl`, available only on Windows; this uses WSL as a backend for `podman machine`, instead of creating a separate VM and managing it via QEMU ([12503](https://github.com/containers/podman/pull/12503)).
- The `podman machine init` command now supports a new option, `--now`, to start the VM immediately after creating it.
- The `podman machine init` command now supports a new option, `--volume`, to mount contents from the host into the created virtual machine.
- Virtual machines created by `podman machine` now automatically mount the Podman API socket to the host, so consumers of the Podman or Docker APIs can use them directly from the host machine ([11462](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11462)).
- Virtual machines created by `podman machine` now automatically mount certificates from the host's keychain into the virtual machine ([11507](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11507)).
- Virtual machines created by `podman machine` now automatically propagate standard proxy environment variables from the host into the virtual machine, including copying any required certificates from `SSL_FILE_CERT` into the VM.
- The `podman machine ssh` command now supports a new option, `--username`, to specify the username to connect to the VM with.
- Port forwarding from VMs created using `podman machine` now supports ports specified using custom host IPs (e.g. `-p 127.0.0.1:8080:80`), the UDP protocol, and containers created using the `slirp4netns` network mode ([11528](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11528) and [#11728](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11728)).
- The `podman system connection rm` command supports a new option, `--all`, to remove all available connections ([12018](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12018)).
- The `podman system service` command's default timeout is now configured via `containers.conf` (using the `service_timeout` field) instead of hardcoded to 5 seconds.
- The `--mount type=devpts` option to `podman create` and `podman run` now supports new options: `uid`, `gid`, `mode`, and `max`.
- The `--volume` option to `podman create` and `podman run` now supports a new option, `:idmap`, which using an ID mapping filesystem to allow multiple containers with disjoint UID and GID ranges mapped into them access the same volume ([12154](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12154)).
- The `U` option for volumes, which changes the ownership of the mounted volume to ensure the user running in the container can access it, can now be used with the `--mount` option to `podman create` and `podman run`, as well as the `--volume` option where it was already available.
- The `:O` option for volumes, which specifies that an overlay filesystem will be mounted over the volume and ensures changes do not persist, is now supported with named volumes as well as bind mounts.
- The `:O` option for volumes now supports two additional options, `upperdir` and `workdir`, which allow for specifying custom upper directories and work directories for the created overlay filesystem.
- Podman containers created from a user-specified root filesystem (via `--rootfs`) can now create an overlay filesystem atop the user-specified rootfs which ensures changes will not persist by suffixing the user-specified root filesystem with `:O`.
- The `podman save` command has a new option, `--uncompressed`, which saves the layers of the image without compression ([11613](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11613)).
- Podman supports a new log driver for containers, `passthrough`, which logs all output directly to the STDOUT and STDERR of the `podman` command; it is intended for use in systemd-managed containers.
- The `podman build` command now supports two new options, `--unsetenv` and `--all-platforms`.
- The `podman image prune` command now supports a new option, `--external`, which allows containers not created by Podman (e.g. temporary containers from Buildah builds) to be pruned ([11472](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11472)).
- Two new aliases for `podman image prune` have been added for Docker compatibility: `podman builder prune` and `podman buildx prune`.
- The `podman play kube` command now supports a new option, `--no-hosts`, which uses the `/etc/hosts` file from the image in all generated containers, preventing any modifications to the hosts file from Podman ([9500](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/9500)).
- The `podman play kube` command now supports a new option, `--replace`, which will replace any existing containers and pods with the same names as the containers and pods that will be created by the command ([11481](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11481)).
- The `podman play kube` command now supports a new option, `--log-opt`, which allows the logging configuration of generated containers and pods to be adjusted ([11727](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11727)).
- The `podman play kube` command now supports Kubernetes YAML that specifies volumes from a configmap.
- The `podman generate systemd` command now supports a new option, `--template`, to generate template unit files.
- The `podman generate systemd` command now supports a new option, `--start-timeout`, to override the default start timeout for generated unit files ([11618](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11618)).
- The `podman generate systemd` command now supports a new option, `--restart-sec`, to override the default time before a failed unit is restarted by systemd for generated unit files.
- The `podman generate systemd` command now supports three new options, `--wants`, `--after`, and `--requires`, which allow detailed control of systemd dependencies in generated unit files.
- The `podman container checkpoint` and `podman container restore` commands can now print statistics about the checkpoint operation via a new option, `--print-stats`.
- The `podman container checkpoint` and `podman container restore` commands can now checkpoint and restore containers which make use of file locks via a new option, `--file-locks`.
- The `podman container restore` command can now be used with containers created using the host IPC namespace (`--ipc=host`).
- The `podman container checkpoint` and `podman container restore` commands now handle checkpointing and restoring the contents of `/dev/shm`.
- The `podman container checkpoint` and `podman container restore` commands are now supported with the remote Podman client ([12007](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12007)).
- The `podman inspect` command on containers now includes additional output fields for checkpointed and restored containers, including information about when the container was checkpointed or restored, and the path to the checkpoint/restore log.
- The `podman secret list` command now supports a new option, `--filter`, to filter what secrets are returned.
- The `podman image scp` command can now be used to transfer images between users (both root and rootless) on the same system, without requiring `sshd`.
- The `podman image sign` command now supports a new option, `--authfile`, to specify an alternative path to authentication credentials ([10866](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/10866)).
- The `podman load` command now supports downloading files via HTTP and HTTPS if a URL is given ([11970](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11970)).
- The `podman push` command now supports a new option, `--compression-format`, to choose the compression algorithm used to compress image layers.
- The `podman volume create` command now allows volumes using the `local` driver that require mounting to be used by non-root users. This allows `tmpfs` and `bind` volumes to be created by non-root users ([12013](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12013)).
- A new command, `podman dial-stdio`, has been added; this command should not be invoked directly, but is used by some clients of the Docker Remote API, and is provided for Docker compatibility ([11668](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11668)).

Breaking Changes
- Podman v4.0 will perform several schema migrations in the Podman database when it is first run. These schema migrations will cause Podman v3.x and earlier to be unable to read certain network configuration information from the database, so downgrading from Podman v4.0 to an earlier version will cause containers to lose their static IP, MAC address, and port bindings.
- All endpoints of the Docker-compatible API now enforce that all image shortnames will be resolved to the Docker Hub for improved Docker compatibility. This behavior can be turned off via the `compat_api_enforce_docker_hub` option in `containers.conf` ([12320](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12320)).
- The Podman APIs for Manifest List and Network operations have been completely rewritten to address issues and inconsistencies in the previous APIs. Incompatible APIs should warn if they are used with an older Podman client.
- The `make install` makefile target no longer implicitly builds Podman, and will fail if `make` was not run prior to it.
- The `podman rm --depends`, `podman rmi --force`, and `podman network rm --force` commands can now remove pods if a they need to remove an infra container (e.g. `podman rmi --force` on the infra image will remove all pods and infra containers). Previously, any command that tried to remove an infra container would error.
- The `podman system reset` command now removes all networks on the system, in addition to all volumes, pods, containers, and images.
- If the `CONTAINER_HOST` environment variable is set, Podman will default to connecting to the remote Podman service specified by the environment variable, instead of running containers locally ([11196](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11196)).
- Healthcheck information from `podman inspect` on a container has had its JSON tag renamed from `Healthcheck` to `Health` for improved Docker compatibility. An alias has been added so that using the old name with the `--format` option will still work ([11645](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11645)).
- Secondary IP and IPv6 addresses from `podman inspect` on a container (`SecondaryIPAddresses` and `SecondaryIPv6Addresses`) have been changed from arrays of strings to arrays of structs for improved Docker compatibility (the struct now includes IP address and prefix length).
- The `podman volume rm --force` command will now remove containers that depend on the volume that are running (previously, it would only remove stopped containers).
- The output of the `podman search` command has been altered to remove the Index, Stars, and Automated columns, as these were not used by registries that are not Dockerhub.
- The `host.containers.internal` entry in `/etc/hosts` for rootless containers now points to a public IP address of the host machine, to ensure the container can reach the host (the previous value, a slirp4netns address, did not actually point to the host) ([12000](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12000)).
- Containers created in pods that have an infra container can no longer independently configure a user namespace via `--uidmap` and `--gidmap` ([12669](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12669)).
- Several container states have been renamed internally - for example, the previous `Configured` state is now named `Created`, and the previous `Created` state is now `Initialized`. The `podman ps` command already normalized these names for Docker compatibility, so this will only be visible when inspecting containers with `podman inspect`.

Changes
- Podman containers will now automatically add the container's short ID as a network alias when connected to a supporting network ([11748](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11748)).
- The `podman machine stop` command will now log when machines are successfully stopped ([11542](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11542)).
- The `podman machine stop` command now waits until the VM has stopped to return; previously, it returned immediately after the shutdown command was sent, without waiting for the VM to shut down.
- VMs created by `podman machine` now delegate more cgroup controllers to the rootless user used to run containers, allowing for additional resource limits to be used ([13054](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13054)).
- The `podman stop` command will now log a warning to the console if the stop timeout expires and `SIGKILL` must be used to stop the container ([11854](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11854)).
- Several performance optimizations have been implemented that should speed up container and pod creation, and running containers and pods that forward large ranges of ports.
- The `--no-trunc` argument to the `podman search` command now defaults to true.
- Rootless port forwarding using the `rootlessport` port forwarder is now handled by a separate binary, not Podman itself, which results in significantly reduced memory usage ([10790](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/10790)).
- The `podman system connection ls` command now has a separate output column to show which connection is currently the default (instead appending `*` to the default connection's name) ([12019](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12019)).
- The `--kernel-memory` option to `podman run` and `podman create` has been deprecated in the upstream OCI runtime specification, and is now also deprecated in Podman and will be removed in a future release. Use of the flag will result in a warning.
- Podman will now ship build the pause image used by pods locally, instead of pulling it from the network (using the existing `catatoinit` binary used for `podman run --init`). This allows pods to be easily used on systems without an internet connection.
- The `--rootless-cni` option to `podman unshare` has been renamed to `--rootless-netns`. The old name has been aliased to the new one and will still function, but may be removed in a future release.
- The `--cni-config-dir` option to all Podman commands has been renamed to `--network-config-dir` as it will not be used with Netavark as well as CNI. The old name has been aliased to the new one and will still function, but may be removed in a future release.
- The `--format` option to all Podman commands has been changed to improved functionality and Docker compatibility ([10974](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/10974)).
- The `podman ps --external` flag previously required `--all` to also be specified; this is no longer true
- The port-forwarding logic previously contined in the `podman-machine-cni` CNI plugin has been integrated directly into Podman. The `podman-machine-cni` plugin is no longer necessary and should be removed.
- The `--device` flag to `podman create`, `podman run`, and `podman pod create` would previously refuse to mount devices when Podman was run as a non-root user and no permission to access the device was available; it will now mount these devices without checking permissions ([12704](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12704)).

Bugfixes
- Fixed a bug where networks could be created with the same name as a container network mode (e.g. `host`) ([11448](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11448)).
- Fixed a bug where the `podman save` command was not automatically removing signatures from saved images.
- Fixed a bug where a rare race condition could cause `podman run --rm` to return an error that a given container did not exist when trying to remove it, despite it having been safely removed ([11775](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11775)).
- Fixed a bug where a rare race condition could cause `podman ps` to return an error if a container was removed while the command was running ([11810](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11810)).
- Fixed a bug where running Kube YAML with a CPU limit would using `podman play kube` would result in errors ([11803](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11803)).
- Fixed a bug where creating a pod without an infra container would not generate an Pod Create event.
- Fixed a bug where volumes created with the `:z` and `:Z` options would be relabelled every time a container was started, not just the first time.
- Fixed a bug where the `podman tag` command on a manifest list could tag an image in the manifest, and not the manifest list itself.
- Fixed a bug where creating a volume using an invalid volume option that contained a format string would print a nonsensical error.
- Fixed a bug where Podman would not create a healthcheck for containers created from images that specified a healthcheck in their configuration ([12226](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12226)).
- Fixed a bug where the output of healthchecks was not shown in `podman inspect` ([13083](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13083)).
- Fixed a bug where rootless containers that used a custom user namespace (e.g. `--userns=keep-id`) could not have any ports forwarded to them.
- Fixed a bug where the `podman system connection ls` command would not print any output (including headers) if no connections were present.
- Fixed a bug where the `--memory-swappiness` option to `podman create` and `podman run` did not accept 0 as a valid value.
- Fixed a bug where environment variables specified in `containers.conf` for Podman would sometimes not be applied ([12296](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12296)).
- Fixed a bug where running multiple rootless Podman instances with different configurations on the same system could cause networking issues due to the use of a single, shared rootless network namespace ([12306](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12306)).
- Fixed a bug where rootless containers using bridge networking would fail if `/etc/resolv.conf` was a symlink to a directory ([12461](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12461)).
- Fixed a bug where `podman container restore` could sometimes restore containers with a different OCI runtime than they had been using before they were checkpointed.
- Fixed a bug where some commands of the remote Podman client allowed the `--signature-policy` option to be used (with no effect); `--signature-policy` is not supported by the remote client ([12357](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12357)).
- Fixed a bug where images which specified a port range in `EXPOSE` could not be run ([12293](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12293)).
- Fixed a bug where Podman would resolve image names without a tag to any tag of that image available on the local system, instead of the `:latest` tag ([11964](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11964)).
- Fixed a bug where the `--blkio-weight-device` option to `podman create` and `podman run` was nonfunctional.
- Fixed a bug where the `podman generate systemd` command did not support container entrypoints that were specified as JSON arrays ([12477](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12477)).
- Fixed a bug where rootless Podman could, under some circumstances, exhaust all available inotify watches ([11825](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11825)).
- Fixed a bug where, when a container was created with both the `--hostname` and `--pod new:` options, the hostname would be discarded; it is now set as the hostname of the created pod, which will be used by the container.
- Fixed a bug where the order in which `podman network ls` printed networks was not deterministic.
- Fixed a bug where the `podman kill` command would sometimes not print the ID of containers that were killed.
- Fixed a bug where VMs created by `podman machine` did not match their timezone to the host system ([11895](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11895)).
- Fixed a bug where container healthchecks were not properly cleaning up generated systemd services, leading to healthcheck failures after containers were restarted.
- Fixed a bug where the `podman build` command did not properly propagate non-0 exit codes from Buildah when builds failed.
- Fixed a bug where the remote Podman client's `podman build` command could fail to build images when the remote client was run on Windows and the Containerfile contained `COPY` instructions ([13119](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13119)).
- Fixed a bug where the remote Podman client's `--secret` option to the `podman build` command was nonfunctional.
- Fixed a bug where the remote Podman client's `podman build` command would error if given a relative path to a Containerfile ([12841](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12841) and [#12763](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12763)).
- Fixed a bug where the `podman generate kube` command would sometimes omit environment variables set in containers from generated YAML.
- Fixed a bug where setting `userns=auto` in `containers.conf` was not respected ([12615](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12615)).
- Fixed a bug where the `podman run` command would fail if the host machine did not have a `/etc/hosts` file ([12667](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12667)).
- Fixed a bug where certain annotations used internally by Podman could be set by images, resulting in `podman inspect` reporting incorrect information ([12671](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12671)).
- Fixed a bug where named volumes would not copy-up after being mounted over an empty directory, then subsequently mounted over a non-empty directory in another container ([12714](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12714)).
- Fixed a bug where the `podman inspect` command on containers was URL-encoding special characters in strings (e.g. healthcheck commands).
- Fixed a bug where the `podman generate kube` command would generate YAML including optional environment variables from secrets and configmaps that are not included ([12553](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12553)).
- Fixed a bug where the `podman pod create` command would ignore the default infra image specified in `containers.conf` ([12771](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12771)).
- Fixed a bug where the `host.containers.internal` entry in `/etc/hosts` was set incorrectly to an inaccessible host IP for `macvlan` networks ([11351](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11351)).
- Fixed a bug where secrets could not be mounted into containers that joined a user namespace (e.g. `--userns=auto`) ([12779](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12779)).
- Fixed a bug where rootless Podman could produce an error about cgroups when containers were created inside existing pods ([10800](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/10800)).
- Fixed a bug where Podman could error that a systemd session was not available despite having the cgroup manager set to `cgroupfs` ([12802](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12802)).
- Fixed a bug where the remote Podman client on Windows would ignore environment variables from the `--env` option to `podman create` and `podman run` ([12056](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12056)).
- Fixed a bug where Podman could segfault when an error occurred trying to set up rootless mode.
- Fixed a bug where Podman could segfault when reading an image layer that did not have a creation timestamp set.
- Fixed a bug where, when Podman's storage directories were on an NFS filesystem, Podman would leave some unneeded file descriptors open, causing errors when containers were removed.
- Fixed a bug where, when Podman's storage directories were on an NFS filesystem, cleaning up a container's exec sessions could fail.
- Fixed a bug where Podman commands that operate on a container could give an incorrect error message if given a partial ID that could refer to 2 or more containers ([12963](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12963)).
- Fixed a bug where the `podman stats` command would not show network usage statistics on containers using `slirp4netns` for networking ([11695](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11695)).
- Fixed a bug where the `/dev/shm` mount in the container was not mounted with `nosuid`, `noexec`, and `nodev` mount options.
- Fixed a bug where the `--shm-size` option to `podman create` and `podman run` interpeted human-readable sizes as KB instead of KiB, and GB instead of GiB (such that a kilobyte was interpreted as 1000 bytes, instead of 1024 bytes) ([13096](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13096)).
- Fixed a bug where the `--share=cgroup` option to `podman pod create` controlled whether the pod used a shared Cgroup parent, not whether the Cgroup namespace was shared ([12765](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12765)).
- Fixed a bug where, when a Podman container using the `slirp4netns` network mode was run inside a systemd unit file, systemd could kill the `slirp4netns` process, which is shared between all containers for a given user (thus causing all `slirp4netns`-mode containers for that user to be unable to connect to the internet) ([13153](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13153)).
- Fixed a bug where the `podman network connect` and `podman network disconnect` commands would not update `/etc/resolv.conf` in the container to add or remove the DNS servers of the networks that were connected or disconnected ([9603](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/9603)).

API
- The Podman remote API version has been bumped to v4.0.0.
- The Compat and Libpod Search endpoints for Images now will never truncate the returned image description. The `noTrunc` query parameter is now ignored as such ([11894](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11894)).
- The Libpod Top endpoints for Containers and Pods now support streaming output using the `stream=true` query parameter ([12115](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12115)).
- The Libpod Create endpoint for Volumes now supports specifying labels for the volume both as `Label` and `Labels` in the provided JSON configuration ([12102](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12102)).
- The Compat Create endpoint for Containers now respects cgroup configuration from `containers.conf` ([12550](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12550)).
- The Compat Create endpoint for Containers now respects user namespace configuration from the `PODMAN_USERNS` environment variable ([11350](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11350)).
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Create endpoint for Containers was ignoring the `HostConfig.StorageOpt` field ([11016](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11016)).
- Fixed a bug where the Compat List endpoint for Containers did not populate the `Mounts` field ([12734](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12734)).
- Fixed a bug where a race condition could cause a crash in the server when the Compat or Libpod Attach endpoints for Containers were invoked ([12904](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12904)).
- Fixed a bug where the Libpod Prune endpoint for Images would return nothing, instead of an empty array, when nothing was pruned.
- Fixed a bug where the Compat List endpoint for Images did not prefix image IDs with `sha256:`.
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Push endpoint for Images would return JSON which did not include the `size` field ([12468](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12468)).
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Load endpoint for Images would refuse to accept input archives that contained more than one image.
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Build endpoint for Images ignored the `quiet` query parameter ([12566](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12566)).
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Build endpoint for Images did not include `aux` JSON (which included the ID of built images) in returned output ([12063](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12063)).
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Build endpoint for Images did not set the correct `Content-Type` in its responses ([13148](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13148)).
- Fixed a bug where the Compat and Libpod List endpoints for Networks would sometimes not return networks created on the server by the Podman CLI after the API server had been started ([11828](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11828)).
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Inspect endpoint for Networks did not include the subnet CIDR in the returned IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Events endpoint did not properly set the Action field of `Died` events for containers to `die` (previously, `died` was used; this was incompatible with Docker's output).
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Info endpoint did not properly populate information on configured registries.
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Events endpoint did not properly set the exit code of the container in the `exitCode` field in `Died` events for containers.
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Events endpoint did not properly populate the `TimeNano` field.
- Numerous small changes have been made to ensure that the API matches its Swagger documentation

Misc
- The Windows installer MSI distributed through Github releases no longer supports 32-bit systems, as Podman is built only for 64-bit machines.
- Updated Buildah to v1.24.0
- Updated the containers/image library to v5.19.0
- Updated the containers/storage library to v1.38.1
- Updated the containers/common library to v0.47.1
- Updated the containers/psgo library to v1.7.2

4.0.0rc5

This is the fifth release candidate of Podman v4.0.0.

Preliminary release notes follow:

Features
- Podman has seen an extensive rewrite of its network stack to add support for Netavark, a new tool for configuring container networks, in addition to the existing CNI stack. Netavark will be default on new installations when it is available.
- The `podman network connect` command now supports three new options, `--ip`, `--ip6`, and `--mac-address`, to specify configuration for the new network that will be attached.
- The `podman network create` command now allows the `--subnet`, `--gateway`, and `--ip-range` options to be specified multiple times, to allow for the creation of dual-stack IPv4 and IPv6 networks with user-specified subnets.
- The `--network` option to `podman create`, `podman pod create`, `podman run`, and `podman play kube` can now, when specifying a network name, also specify advanced network options such as `alias`, `ip`, `mac`, and `interface_name`, allowing advanced configuration of networks when creating containers connected to more than one network.
- The `podman play kube` command can now specify the `--net` option multiple times, to connect created containers and pods to multiple networks.
- The `podman create`, `podman pod create`, and `podman run` commands now support a new option, `--ip6`, to specify a static IPv6 address for the created container or pod to use.
- Macvlan networks can now configure the mode of the network via the `-o mode=` option.
- When using the CNI network stack, a new network driver, `ipvlan`, is now available.
- The `podman info` command will now print the network backend in use (Netavark or CNI).
- The network backend to use can be now be specified in `containers.conf` via the `network_backend` field. Please note that it is not recommended to switch backends while containers exist, and a system reboot is recommended after doing so.
- All Podman commands now support a new option, `--noout`, that suppresses all output to STDOUT.
- All commands that can remove containers (`podman rm --force`, `podman pod rm --force`, `podman volume rm --force`, `podman network rm --force`) now accept a `--time` option to specify the timeout on stopping the container before resorting to `SIGKILL` (identical to the `--time` flag to `podman stop`).
- The `podman run` and `podman create` commands now support a new option, `--passwd`, that uses the `/etc/passwd` and `/etc/groups` files from the image in the created container without changes by Podman ([11805](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11805)).
- The `podman run` and `podman create` commands now support a new option, `--hostuser`, that creates one or more users in the container based on users from the host (e.g. with matching username, UID, and GID).
- The `podman create` and `podman run` commands now support two new options, `--unsetenv` and `--unsetenv-all`, to clear default environment variables set by Podman and by the container image ([11836](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11836)).
- The `podman rm` command now supports a new option, `--depend`, which recursively removes a given container and all containers that depend on it ([10360](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/10360)).
- All commands that support filtering their output based on labels (e.g. `podman volume ls`, `podman ps`) now support labels specified using regular expressions (e.g. `--filter label=some.prefix.com/key/*`).
- The `podman pod create` command now supports the `--volume` option, allowing volumes to be specified that will be mounted automatically to all containers in the pod ([10379](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/10379)).
- The `podman pod create` command now supports the `--device` option, allowing devices to be specified that will be mounted automatically to all containers in the pod.
- The `podman pod create` command now supports the `--volumes-from` option, allowing volumes from an existing Podman container to be mounted automatically to all containers in the pod.
- The `podman pod create` command now supports the `--security-opt` option, allowing security settings (e.g. disabling SELinux or Seccomp) to be configured automatically for all containers in the pod ([12173](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12173)).
- The `podman pod create` command now supports the `--share-parent` option, which defaults to true, controlling whether containers in the pod will use a shared cgroup parent.
- The `podman pod create` command now supports the `--sysctl` option, allowing sysctls to be configured automatically for all containers in the pod.
- The `podman events` command now supports the `--no-trunc` option, which will allow short container IDs to be displayed instead of the default full IDs. The flag defaults to true, so full IDs remain the default ([8941](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/8941)).
- The `podman machine init` command now supports a new VM type, `wsl`, available only on Windows; this uses WSL as a backend for `podman machine`, instead of creating a separate VM and managing it via QEMU ([12503](https://github.com/containers/podman/pull/12503)).
- The `podman machine init` command now supports a new option, `--now`, to start the VM immediately after creating it.
- The `podman machine init` command now supports a new option, `--volume`, to mount contents from the host into the created virtual machine.
- Virtual machines created by `podman machine` now automatically mount certificates from the host's keychain into the virtual machine ([11507](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11507)).
- Virtual machines created by `podman machine` now automatically propagate standard proxy environment variables from the host into the virtual machine, including copying any required certificates from `SSL_FILE_CERT` into the VM.
- The `podman machine ssh` command now supports a new option, `--username`, to specify the username to connect to the VM with.
- Port forwarding from VMs created using `podman machine` now supports ports specified using custom host IPs (e.g. `-p 127.0.0.1:8080:80`), the UDP protocol, and containers created using the `slirp4netns` network mode ([11528](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11528) and [#11728](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11728)).
- The `podman system connection rm` command supports a new option, `--all`, to remove all available connections ([12018](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12018)).
- The `podman system service` command's default timeout is now configured via `containers.conf` (using the `service_timeout` field) instead of hardcoded to 5 seconds.
- The `--mount type=devpts` option to `podman create` and `podman run` now supports new options: `uid`, `gid`, `mode`, and `max`.
- The `--volume` option to `podman create` and `podman run` now supports a new option, `:idmap`, which using an ID mapping filesystem to allow multiple containers with disjoint UID and GID ranges mapped into them access the same volume ([12154](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12154)).
- The `U` option for volumes, which changes the ownership of the mounted volume to ensure the user running in the container can access it, can now be used with the `--mount` option to `podman create` and `podman run`, as well as the `--volume` option where it was already available.
- The `:O` option for volumes, which specifies that an overlay filesystem will be mounted over the volume and ensures changes do not persist, is now supported with named volumes as well as bind mounts.
- The `:O` option for volumes now supports two additional options, `upperdir` and `workdir`, which allow for specifying custom upper directories and work directories for the created overlay filesystem.
- Podman containers created from a user-specified root filesystem (via `--rootfs`) can now create an overlay filesystem atop the user-specified rootfs which ensures changes will not persist by suffixing the user-specified root filesystem with `:O`.
- The `podman save` command has a new option, `--uncompressed`, which saves the layers of the image without compression ([11613](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11613)).
- Podman supports a new log driver for containers, `passthrough`, which logs all output directly to the STDOUT and STDERR of the `podman` command; it is intended for use in systemd-managed containers.
- The `podman build` command now supports two new options, `--unsetenv` and `--all-platforms`.
- The `podman image prune` command now supports a new option, `--external`, which allows containers not created by Podman (e.g. temporary containers from Buildah builds) to be pruned ([11472](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11472)).
- Two new aliases for `podman image prune` have been added for Docker compatibility: `podman builder prune` and `podman buildx prune`.
- The `podman play kube` command now supports a new option, `--no-hosts`, which uses the `/etc/hosts` file from the image in all generated containers, preventing any modifications to the hosts file from Podman ([9500](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/9500)).
- The `podman play kube` command now supports a new option, `--replace`, which will replace any existing containers and pods with the same names as the containers and pods that will be created by the command ([11481](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11481)).
- The `podman play kube` command now supports a new option, `--log-opt`, which allows the logging configuration of generated containers and pods to be adjusted ([11727](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11727)).
- The `podman play kube` command now supports Kubernetes YAML that specifies volumes from a configmap.
- The `podman generate systemd` command now supports a new option, `--template`, to generate template unit files.
- The `podman generate systemd` command now supports a new option, `--start-timeout`, to override the default start timeout for generated unit files ([11618](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11618)).
- The `podman generate systemd` command now supports a new option, `--restart-sec`, to override the default time before a failed unit is restarted by systemd for generated unit files.
- The `podman generate systemd` command now supports three new options, `--wants`, `--after`, and `--requires`, which allow detailed control of systemd dependencies in generated unit files.
- The `podman container checkpoint` and `podman container restore` commands can now print statistics about the checkpoint operation via a new option, `--print-stats`.
- The `podman container checkpoint` and `podman container restore` commands can now checkpoint and restore containers which make use of file locks via a new option, `--file-locks`.
- The `podman container restore` command can now be used with containers created using the host IPC namespace (`--ipc=host`).
- The `podman container checkpoint` and `podman container restore` commands now handle checkpointing and restoring the contents of `/dev/shm`.
- The `podman container checkpoint` and `podman container restore` commands are now supported with the remote Podman client ([12007](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12007)).
- The `podman inspect` command on containers now includes additional output fields for checkpointed and restored containers, including information about when the container was checkpointed or restored, and the path to the checkpoint/restore log.
- The `podman secret list` command now supports a new option, `--filter`, to filter what secrets are returned.
- The `podman image scp` command can now be used to transfer images between users (both root and rootless) on the same system, without requiring `sshd`.
- The `podman image sign` command now supports a new option, `--authfile`, to specify an alternative path to authentication credentials ([10866](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/10866)).
- The `podman load` command now supports downloading files via HTTP and HTTPS if a URL is given ([11970](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11970)).
- The `podman push` command now supports a new option, `--compression-format`, to choose the compression algorithm used to compress image layers.
- The `podman volume create` command now allows volumes using the `local` driver that require mounting to be used by non-root users. This allows `tmpfs` and `bind` volumes to be created by non-root users ([12013](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12013)).
- A new command, `podman dial-stdio`, has been added; this command should not be invoked directly, but is used by some clients of the Docker Remote API, and is provided for Docker compatibility ([11668](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11668)).

Breaking Changes
- Podman v4.0 will perform several schema migrations in the Podman database when it is first run. These schema migrations will cause Podman v3.x and earlier to be unable to read certain network configuration information from the database, so downgrading from Podman v4.0 to an earlier version will cause containers to lose their static IP, MAC address, and port bindings.
- All endpoints of the Docker-compatible API now enforce that all image shortnames will be resolved to the Docker Hub for improved Docker compatibility. This behavior can be turned off via the `compat_api_enforce_docker_hub` option in `containers.conf` ([12320](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12320)).
- The Podman APIs for Manifest List and Network operations have been completely rewritten to address issues and inconsistencies in the previous APIs. Incompatible APIs should warn if they are used with an older Podman client.
- The `make install` makefile target no longer implicitly builds Podman, and will fail if `make` was not run prior to it.
- The `podman rm --depends`, `podman rmi --force`, and `podman network rm --force` commands can now remove pods if a they need to remove an infra container (e.g. `podman rmi --force` on the infra image will remove all pods and infra containers). Previously, any command that tried to remove an infra container would error.
- The `podman system reset` command now removes all networks on the system, in addition to all volumes, pods, containers, and images.
- If the `CONTAINER_HOST` environment variable is set, Podman will default to connecting to the remote Podman service specified by the environment variable, instead of running containers locally ([11196](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11196)).
- Healthcheck information from `podman inspect` on a container has had its JSON tag renamed from `Healthcheck` to `Health` for improved Docker compatibility. An alias has been added so that using the old name with the `--format` option will still work ([11645](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11645)).
- Secondary IP and IPv6 addresses from `podman inspect` on a container (`SecondaryIPAddresses` and `SecondaryIPv6Addresses`) have been changed from arrays of strings to arrays of structs for improved Docker compatibility (the struct now includes IP address and prefix length).
- The `podman volume rm --force` command will now remove containers that depend on the volume that are running (previously, it would only remove stopped containers).
- The output of the `podman search` command has been altered to remove the Index, Stars, and Automated columns, as these were not used by registries that are not Dockerhub.
- The `host.containers.internal` entry in `/etc/hosts` for rootless containers now points to a public IP address of the host machine, to ensure the container can reach the host (the previous value, a slirp4netns address, did not actually point to the host) ([12000](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12000)).
- Containers created in pods that have an infra container can no longer independently configure a user namespace via `--uidmap` and `--gidmap` ([12669](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12669)).
- Several container states have been renamed internally - for example, the previous `Configured` state is now named `Created`, and the previous `Created` state is now `Initialized`. The `podman ps` command already normalized these names for Docker compatibility, so this will only be visible when inspecting containers with `podman inspect`.

Changes
- Podman containers will now automatically add the container's short ID as a network alias when connected to a supporting network ([11748](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11748)).
- The `podman machine stop` command will now log when machines are successfully stopped ([11542](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11542)).
- The `podman machine stop` command now waits until the VM has stopped to return; previously, it returned immediately after the shutdown command was sent, without waiting for the VM to shut down.
- VMs created by `podman machine` now delegate more cgroup controllers to the rootless user used to run containers, allowing for additional resource limits to be used ([13054](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13054)).
- The `podman stop` command will now log a warning to the console if the stop timeout expires and `SIGKILL` must be used to stop the container ([11854](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11854)).
- Several performance optimizations have been implemented that should speed up container and pod creation, and running containers and pods that forward large ranges of ports.
- The `--no-trunc` argument to the `podman search` command now defaults to true.
- Rootless port forwarding using the `rootlessport` port forwarder is now handled by a separate binary, not Podman itself, which results in significantly reduced memory usage ([10790](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/10790)).
- The `podman system connection ls` command now has a separate output column to show which connection is currently the default (instead appending `*` to the default connection's name) ([12019](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12019)).
- The `--kernel-memory` option to `podman run` and `podman create` has been deprecated in the upstream OCI runtime specification, and is now also deprecated in Podman and will be removed in a future release. Use of the flag will result in a warning.
- Podman will now ship build the pause image used by pods locally, instead of pulling it from the network (using the existing `catatoinit` binary used for `podman run --init`). This allows pods to be easily used on systems without an internet connection.
- The `--rootless-cni` option to `podman unshare` has been renamed to `--rootless-netns`. The old name has been aliased to the new one and will still function, but may be removed in a future release.
- The `--cni-config-dir` option to all Podman commands has been renamed to `--network-config-dir` as it will not be used with Netavark as well as CNI. The old name has been aliased to the new one and will still function, but may be removed in a future release.
- The `--format` option to all Podman commands has been changed to improved functionality and Docker compatibility ([10974](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/10974)).
- The `podman ps --external` flag previously required `--all` to also be specified; this is no longer true
- The port-forwarding logic previously contined in the `podman-machine-cni` CNI plugin has been integrated directly into Podman. The `podman-machine-cni` plugin is no longer necessary and should be removed.
- The `--device` flag to `podman create`, `podman run`, and `podman pod create` would previously refuse to mount devices when Podman was run as a non-root user and no permission to access the device was available; it will now mount these devices without checking permissions ([12704](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12704)).

Bugfixes
- Fixed a bug where networks could be created with the same name as a container network mode (e.g. `host`) ([11448](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11448)).
- Fixed a bug where the `podman save` command was not automatically removing signatures from saved images.
- Fixed a bug where a rare race condition could cause `podman run --rm` to return an error that a given container did not exist when trying to remove it, despite it having been safely removed ([11775](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11775)).
- Fixed a bug where a rare race condition could cause `podman ps` to return an error if a container was removed while the command was running ([11810](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11810)).
- Fixed a bug where running Kube YAML with a CPU limit would using `podman play kube` would result in errors ([11803](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11803)).
- Fixed a bug where creating a pod without an infra container would not generate an Pod Create event.
- Fixed a bug where volumes created with the `:z` and `:Z` options would be relabelled every time a container was started, not just the first time.
- Fixed a bug where the `podman tag` command on a manifest list could tag an image in the manifest, and not the manifest list itself.
- Fixed a bug where creating a volume using an invalid volume option that contained a format string would print a nonsensical error.
- Fixed a bug where Podman would not create a healthcheck for containers created from images that specified a healthcheck in their configuration ([12226](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12226)).
- Fixed a bug where the output of healthchecks was not shown in `podman inspect` ([13083](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13083)).
- Fixed a bug where rootless containers that used a custom user namespace (e.g. `--userns=keep-id`) could not have any ports forwarded to them.
- Fixed a bug where the `podman system connection ls` command would not print any output (including headers) if no connections were present.
- Fixed a bug where the `--memory-swappiness` option to `podman create` and `podman run` did not accept 0 as a valid value.
- Fixed a bug where environment variables specified in `containers.conf` for Podman would sometimes not be applied ([12296](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12296)).
- Fixed a bug where running multiple rootless Podman instances with different configurations on the same system could cause networking issues due to the use of a single, shared rootless network namespace ([12306](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12306)).
- Fixed a bug where rootless containers using bridge networking would fail if `/etc/resolv.conf` was a symlink to a directory ([12461](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12461)).
- Fixed a bug where `podman container restore` could sometimes restore containers with a different OCI runtime than they had been using before they were checkpointed.
- Fixed a bug where some commands of the remote Podman client allowed the `--signature-policy` option to be used (with no effect); `--signature-policy` is not supported by the remote client ([12357](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12357)).
- Fixed a bug where images which specified a port range in `EXPOSE` could not be run ([12293](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12293)).
- Fixed a bug where Podman would resolve image names without a tag to any tag of that image available on the local system, instead of the `:latest` tag ([11964](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11964)).
- Fixed a bug where the `--blkio-weight-device` option to `podman create` and `podman run` was nonfunctional.
- Fixed a bug where the `podman generate systemd` command did not support container entrypoints that were specified as JSON arrays ([12477](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12477)).
- Fixed a bug where rootless Podman could, under some circumstances, exhaust all available inotify watches ([11825](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11825)).
- Fixed a bug where, when a container was created with both the `--hostname` and `--pod new:` options, the hostname would be discarded; it is now set as the hostname of the created pod, which will be used by the container.
- Fixed a bug where the order in which `podman network ls` printed networks was not deterministic.
- Fixed a bug where the `podman kill` command would sometimes not print the ID of containers that were killed.
- Fixed a bug where VMs created by `podman machine` did not match their timezone to the host system ([11895](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11895)).
- Fixed a bug where container healthchecks were not properly cleaning up generated systemd services, leading to healthcheck failures after containers were restarted.
- Fixed a bug where the `podman build` command did not properly propagate non-0 exit codes from Buildah when builds failed.
- Fixed a bug where the remote Podman client's `podman build` command could fail to build images when the remote client was run on Windows and the Containerfile contained `COPY` instructions ([13119](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13119)).
- Fixed a bug where the remote Podman client's `--secret` option to the `podman build` command was nonfunctional.
- Fixed a bug where the remote Podman client's `podman build` command would error if given a relative path to a Containerfile ([12841](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12841)).
- Fixed a bug where the `podman generate kube` command would sometimes omit environment variables set in containers from generated YAML.
- Fixed a bug where setting `userns=auto` in `containers.conf` was not respected ([12615](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12615)).
- Fixed a bug where the `podman run` command would fail if the host machine did not have a `/etc/hosts` file ([12667](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12667)).
- Fixed a bug where certain annotations used internally by Podman could be set by images, resulting in `podman inspect` reporting incorrect information ([12671](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12671)).
- Fixed a bug where named volumes would not copy-up after being mounted over an empty directory, then subsequently mounted over a non-empty directory in another container ([12714](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12714)).
- Fixed a bug where the `podman inspect` command on containers was URL-encoding special characters in strings (e.g. healthcheck commands).
- Fixed a bug where the `podman generate kube` command would generate YAML including optional environment variables from secrets and configmaps that are not included ([12553](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12553)).
- Fixed a bug where the `podman pod create` command would ignore the default infra image specified in `containers.conf` ([12771](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12771)).
- Fixed a bug where the `host.containers.internal` entry in `/etc/hosts` was set incorrectly to an inaccessible host IP for `macvlan` networks ([11351](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11351)).
- Fixed a bug where secrets could not be mounted into containers that joined a user namespace (e.g. `--userns=auto`) ([12779](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12779)).
- Fixed a bug where rootless Podman could produce an error about cgroups when containers were created inside existing pods ([10800](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/10800)).
- Fixed a bug where Podman could error that a systemd session was not available despite having the cgroup manager set to `cgroupfs` ([12802](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12802)).
- Fixed a bug where the remote Podman client on Windows would ignore environment variables from the `--env` option to `podman create` and `podman run` ([12056](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12056)).
- Fixed a bug where Podman could segfault when an error occurred trying to set up rootless mode.
- Fixed a bug where Podman could segfault when reading an image layer that did not have a creation timestamp set.
- Fixed a bug where, when Podman's storage directories were on an NFS filesystem, Podman would leave some unneeded file descriptors open, causing errors when containers were removed.
- Fixed a bug where, when Podman's storage directories were on an NFS filesystem, cleaning up a container's exec sessions could fail.
- Fixed a bug where Podman commands that operate on a container could give an incorrect error message if given a partial ID that could refer to 2 or more containers ([12963](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12963)).
- Fixed a bug where the `podman stats` command would not show network usage statistics on containers using `slirp4netns` for networking ([11695](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11695)).
- Fixed a bug where the `/dev/shm` mount in the container was not mounted with `nosuid`, `noexec`, and `nodev` mount options.
- Fixed a bug where the `--shm-size` option to `podman create` and `podman run` interpeted human-readable sizes as KB instead of KiB, and GB instead of GiB (such that a kilobyte was interpreted as 1000 bytes, instead of 1024 bytes) ([13096](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13096)).
- Fixed a bug where the `--share=cgroup` option to `podman pod create` controlled whether the pod used a shared Cgroup parent, not whether the Cgroup namespace was shared ([12765](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12765)).
- Fixed a bug where, when a Podman container using the `slirp4netns` network mode was run inside a systemd unit file, systemd could kill the `slirp4netns` process, which is shared between all containers for a given user (thus causing all `slirp4netns`-mode containers for that user to be unable to connect to the internet) ([13153](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13153)).
- Fixed a bug where the `podman network connect` and `podman network disconnect` commands would not update `/etc/resolv.conf` in the container to add or remove the DNS servers of the networks that were connected or disconnected ([9603](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/9603)).

API
- The Podman remote API version has been bumped to v4.0.0.
- The Compat and Libpod Search endpoints for Images now will never truncate the returned image description. The `noTrunc` query parameter is now ignored as such ([11894](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11894)).
- The Libpod Top endpoints for Containers and Pods now support streaming output using the `stream=true` query parameter ([12115](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12115)).
- The Libpod Create endpoint for Volumes now supports specifying labels for the volume both as `Label` and `Labels` in the provided JSON configuration ([12102](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12102)).
- The Compat Create endpoint for Containers now respects cgroup configuration from `containers.conf` ([12550](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12550)).
- The Compat Create endpoint for Containers now respects user namespace configuration from the `PODMAN_USERNS` environment variable ([11350](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11350)).
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Create endpoint for Containers was ignoring the `HostConfig.StorageOpt` field ([11016](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11016)).
- Fixed a bug where the Compat List endpoint for Containers did not populate the `Mounts` field ([12734](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12734)).
- Fixed a bug where a race condition could cause a crash in the server when the Compat or Libpod Attach endpoints for Containers were invoked ([12904](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12904)).
- Fixed a bug where the Libpod Prune endpoint for Images would return nothing, instead of an empty array, when nothing was pruned.
- Fixed a bug where the Compat List endpoint for Images did not prefix image IDs with `sha256:`.
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Push endpoint for Images would return JSON which did not include the `size` field ([12468](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12468)).
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Load endpoint for Images would refuse to accept input archives that contained more than one image.
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Build endpoint for Images ignored the `quiet` query parameter ([12566](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12566)).
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Build endpoint for Images did not include `aux` JSON (which included the ID of built images) in returned output ([12063](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12063)).
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Build endpoint for Images did not set the correct `Content-Type` in its responses ([13148](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13148)).
- Fixed a bug where the Compat and Libpod List endpoints for Networks would sometimes not return networks created on the server by the Podman CLI after the API server had been started ([11828](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11828)).
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Inspect endpoint for Networks did not include the subnet CIDR in the returned IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Events endpoint did not properly set the Action field of `Died` events for containers to `die` (previously, `died` was used; this was incompatible with Docker's output).
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Info endpoint did not properly populate information on configured registries.
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Events endpoint did not properly set the exit code of the container in the `exitCode` field in `Died` events for containers.
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Events endpoint did not properly populate the `TimeNano` field.
- Numerous small changes have been made to ensure that the API matches its Swagger documentation

Misc
- The Windows installer MSI distributed through Github releases no longer supports 32-bit systems, as Podman is built only for 64-bit machines.
- Updated Buildah to v1.24.0
- Updated the containers/image library to v5.19.0
- Updated the containers/storage library to v1.38.1
- Updated the containers/common library to v0.47.1
- Updated the containers/psgo library to v1.7.2

4.0.0rc4

This is the fourth release candidate for Podman v4.0.

Preliminary release notes are below:

Features
- Podman has seen an extensive rewrite of its network stack to add support for Netavark, a new tool for configuring container networks, in addition to the existing CNI stack. Netavark will be default on new installations when it is available.
- The `podman network connect` command now supports three new options, `--ip`, `--ip6`, and `--mac-address`, to specify configuration for the new network that will be attached.
- The `podman network create` command now allows the `--subnet`, `--gateway`, and `--ip-range` options to be specified multiple times, to allow for the creation of dual-stack IPv4 and IPv6 networks with user-specified subnets.
- The `--network` option to `podman create`, `podman pod create`, `podman run`, and `podman play kube` can now, when specifying a network name, also specify advanced network options such as `alias`, `ip`, `mac`, and `interface_name`, allowing advanced configuration of networks when creating containers connected to more than one network.
- The `podman play kube` command can now specify the `--net` option multiple times, to connect created containers and pods to multiple networks.
- The `podman create`, `podman pod create`, and `podman run` commands now support a new option, `--ip6`, to specify a static IPv6 address for the created container or pod to use.
- Macvlan networks can now configure the mode of the network via the `-o mode=` option.
- When using the CNI network stack, a new network driver, `ipvlan`, is now available.
- The `podman info` command will now print the network backend in use (Netavark or CNI).
- The network backend to use can be now be specified in `containers.conf` via the `network_backend` field. Please note that it is not recommended to switch backends while containers exist, and a system reboot is recommended after doing so.
- All Podman commands now support a new option, `--noout`, that suppresses all output to STDOUT.
- All commands that can remove containers (`podman rm --force`, `podman pod rm --force`, `podman volume rm --force`, `podman network rm --force`) now accept a `--time` option to specify the timeout on stopping the container before resorting to `SIGKILL` (identical to the `--time` flag to `podman stop`).
- The `podman run` and `podman create` commands now support a new option, `--passwd`, that uses the `/etc/passwd` and `/etc/groups` files from the image in the created container without changes by Podman ([11805](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11805)).
- The `podman run` and `podman create` commands now support a new option, `--hostuser`, that creates one or more users in the container based on users from the host (e.g. with matching username, UID, and GID).
- The `podman create` and `podman run` commands now support two new options, `--unsetenv` and `--unsetenv-all`, to clear default environment variables set by Podman and by the container image ([11836](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11836)).
- The `podman rm` command now supports a new option, `--depend`, which recursively removes a given container and all containers that depend on it ([10360](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/10360)).
- All commands that support filtering their output based on labels (e.g. `podman volume ls`, `podman ps`) now support labels specified using regular expressions (e.g. `--filter label=some.prefix.com/key/*`).
- The `podman pod create` command now supports the `--volume` option, allowing volumes to be specified that will be mounted automatically to all containers in the pod ([10379](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/10379)).
- The `podman pod create` command now supports the `--device` option, allowing devices to be specified that will be mounted automatically to all containers in the pod.
- The `podman pod create` command now supports the `--volumes-from` option, allowing volumes from an existing Podman container to be mounted automatically to all containers in the pod.
- The `podman pod create` command now supports the `--security-opt` option, allowing security settings (e.g. disabling SELinux or Seccomp) to be configured automatically for all containers in the pod ([12173](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12173)).
- The `podman pod create` command now supports the `--sysctl` option, allowing sysctls to be configured automatically for all containers in the pod.
- The `podman events` command now supports the `--no-trunc` option, which will allow short container IDs to be displayed instead of the default full IDs. The flag defaults to true, so full IDs remain the default ([8941](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/8941)).
- The `podman machine init` command now supports a new VM type, `wsl`, available only on Windows; this uses WSL as a backend for `podman machine`, instead of creating a separate VM and managing it via QEMU ([12503](https://github.com/containers/podman/pull/12503)).
- The `podman machine init` command now supports a new option, `--now`, to start the VM immediately after creating it.
- The `podman machine init` command now supports a new option, `--volume`, to mount contents from the host into the created virtual machine.
- Virtual machines created by `podman machine` now automatically mount certificates from the host's keychain into the virtual machine ([11507](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11507)).
- Virtual machines created by `podman machine` now automatically propagate standard proxy environment variables from the host into the virtual machine, including copying any required certificates from `SSL_FILE_CERT` into the VM.
- The `podman machine ssh` command now supports a new option, `--username`, to specify the username to connect to the VM with.
- Port forwarding from VMs created using `podman machine` now supports ports specified using custom host IPs (e.g. `-p 127.0.0.1:8080:80`), the UDP protocol, and containers created using the `slirp4netns` network mode ([11528](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11528) and [#11728](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11728)).
- The `podman system connection rm` command supports a new option, `--all`, to remove all available connections ([12018](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12018)).
- The `podman system service` command's default timeout is now configured via `containers.conf` (using the `service_timeout` field) instead of hardcoded to 5 seconds.
- The `--mount type=devpts` option to `podman create` and `podman run` now supports new options: `uid`, `gid`, `mode`, and `max`.
- The `--volume` option to `podman create` and `podman run` now supports a new option, `:idmap`, which using an ID mapping filesystem to allow multiple containers with disjoint UID and GID ranges mapped into them access the same volume ([12154](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12154)).
- The `U` option for volumes, which changes the ownership of the mounted volume to ensure the user running in the container can access it, can now be used with the `--mount` option to `podman create` and `podman run`, as well as the `--volume` option where it was already available.
- The `:O` option for volumes, which specifies that an overlay filesystem will be mounted over the volume and ensures changes do not persist, is now supported with named volumes as well as bind mounts.
- The `:O` option for volumes now supports two additional options, `upperdir` and `workdir`, which allow for specifying custom upper directories and work directories for the created overlay filesystem.
- Podman containers created from a user-specified root filesystem (via `--rootfs`) can now create an overlay filesystem atop the user-specified rootfs which ensures changes will not persist by suffixing the user-specified root filesystem with `:O`.
- The `podman save` command has a new option, `--uncompressed`, which saves the layers of the image without compression ([11613](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11613)).
- Podman supports a new log driver for containers, `passthrough`, which logs all output directly to the STDOUT and STDERR of the `podman` command; it is intended for use in systemd-managed containers.
- The `podman build` command now supports two new options, `--unsetenv` and `--all-platforms`.
- The `podman image prune` command now supports a new option, `--external`, which allows containers not created by Podman (e.g. temporary containers from Buildah builds) to be pruned ([11472](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11472)).
- Two new aliases for `podman image prune` have been added for Docker compatibility: `podman builder prune` and `podman buildx prune`.
- The `podman play kube` command now supports a new option, `--no-hosts`, which uses the `/etc/hosts` file from the image in all generated containers, preventing any modifications to the hosts file from Podman ([9500](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/9500)).
- The `podman play kube` command now supports a new option, `--replace`, which will replace any existing containers and pods with the same names as the containers and pods that will be created by the command ([11481](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11481)).
- The `podman play kube` command now supports a new option, `--log-opt`, which allows the logging configuration of generated containers and pods to be adjusted ([11727](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11727)).
- The `podman play kube` command now supports Kubernetes YAML that specifies volumes from a configmap.
- The `podman generate systemd` command now supports a new option, `--template`, to generate template unit files.
- The `podman generate systemd` command now supports a new option, `--start-timeout`, to override the default start timeout for generated unit files ([11618](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11618)).
- The `podman generate systemd` command now supports a new option, `--restart-sec`, to override the default time before a failed unit is restarted by systemd for generated unit files.
- The `podman generate systemd` command now supports three new options, `--wants`, `--after`, and `--requires`, which allow detailed control of systemd dependencies in generated unit files.
- The `podman container checkpoint` and `podman container restore` commands can now print statistics about the checkpoint operation via a new option, `--print-stats`.
- The `podman container checkpoint` and `podman container restore` commands can now checkpoint and restore containers which make use of file locks via a new option, `--file-locks`.
- The `podman container restore` command can now be used with containers created using the host IPC namespace (`--ipc=host`).
- The `podman container checkpoint` and `podman container restore` commands now handle checkpointing and restoring the contents of `/dev/shm`.
- The `podman container checkpoint` and `podman container restore` commands are now supported with the remote Podman client ([12007](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12007)).
- The `podman inspect` command on containers now includes additional output fields for checkpointed and restored containers, including information about when the container was checkpointed or restored, and the path to the checkpoint/restore log.
- The `podman secret list` command now supports a new option, `--filter`, to filter what secrets are returned.
- The `podman image scp` command can now be used to transfer images between users (both root and rootless) on the same system, without requiring `sshd`.
- The `podman image sign` command now supports a new option, `--authfile`, to specify an alternative path to authentication credentials ([10866](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/10866)).
- The `podman load` command now supports downloading files via HTTP and HTTPS if a URL is given ([11970](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11970)).
- The `podman push` command now supports a new option, `--compression-format`, to choose the compression algorithm used to compress image layers.
- The `podman volume create` command now allows volumes using the `local` driver that require mounting to be used by non-root users. This allows `tmpfs` and `bind` volumes to be created by non-root users ([12013](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12013)).
- A new command, `podman dial-stdio`, has been added; this command should not be invoked directly, but is used by some clients of the Docker Remote API, and is provided for Docker compatibility ([11668](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11668)).

Breaking Changes
- Podman v4.0 will perform several schema migrations in the Podman database when it is first run. These schema migrations will cause Podman v3.x and earlier to be unable to read certain network configuration information from the database, so downgrading from Podman v4.0 to an earlier version will cause containers to lose their static IP, MAC address, and port bindings.
- All endpoints of the Docker-compatible API now enforce that all image shortnames will be resolved to the Docker Hub for improved Docker compatibility. This behavior can be turned off via the `compat_api_enforce_docker_hub` option in `containers.conf` ([12320](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12320)).
- The Podman APIs for Manifest List and Network operations have been completely rewritten to address issues and inconsistencies in the previous APIs.
- The `make install` makefile target no longer implicitly builds Podman, and will fail if `make` was not run prior to it.
- The `podman rm --depends`, `podman rmi --force`, and `podman network rm --force` commands can now remove pods if a they need to remove an infra container (e.g. `podman rmi --force` on the infra image will remove all pods and infra containers). Previously, any command that tried to remove an infra container would error.
- The `podman system reset` command now removes all networks on the system, in addition to all volumes, pods, containers, and images.
- If the `CONTAINER_HOST` environment variable is set, Podman will default to connecting to the remote Podman service specified by the environment variable, instead of running containers locally ([11196](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11196)).
- Healthcheck information from `podman inspect` on a container has had its JSON tag renamed from `Healthcheck` to `Health` for improved Docker compatibility. An alias has been added so that using the old name with the `--format` option will still work ([11645](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11645)).
- Secondary IP and IPv6 addresses from `podman inspect` on a container (`SecondaryIPAddresses` and `SecondaryIPv6Addresses`) have been changed from arrays of strings to arrays of structs for improved Docker compatibility (the struct now includes IP address and prefix length).
- The `podman volume rm --force` command will now remove containers that depend on the volume that are running (previously, it would only remove stopped containers).
- The output of the `podman search` command has been altered to remove the Index, Stars, and Automated columns, as these were not used by registries that are not Dockerhub.
- The `host.containers.internal` entry in `/etc/hosts` for rootless containers now points to a public IP address of the host machine, to ensure the container can reach the host (the previous value, a slirp4netns address, did not actually point to the host) ([12000](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12000)).
- Containers created in pods that have an infra container can no longer independently configure a user namespace via `--uidmap` and `--gidmap` ([12669](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12669)).
- Several container states have been renamed internally - for example, the previous `Configured` state is now named `Created`, and the previous `Created` state is now `Initialized`. The `podman ps` command already normalized these names for Docker compatibility, so this will only be visible when inspecting containers with `podman inspect`.

Changes
- Podman containers will now automatically add the container's short ID as a network alias when connected to a supporting network ([11748](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11748)).
- The `podman machine stop` command will now log when machines are successfully stopped ([11542](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11542)).
- The `podman machine stop` command now waits until the VM has stopped to return; previously, it returned immediately after the shutdown command was sent, without waiting for the VM to shut down.
- VMs created by `podman machine` now delegate more cgroup controllers to the rootless user used to run containers, allowing for additional resource limits to be used ([13054](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13054)).
- The `podman stop` command will now log a warning to the console if the stop timeout expires and `SIGKILL` must be used to stop the container ([11854](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11854)).
- Several performance optimizations have been implemented that should speed up container and pod creation, and running containers and pods that forward large ranges of ports.
- The `--no-trunc` argument to the `podman search` command now defaults to true.
- Rootless port forwarding using the `rootlessport` port forwarder is now handled by a separate binary, not Podman itself, which results in significantly reduced memory usage ([10790](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/10790)).
- The `podman system connection ls` command now has a separate output column to show which connection is currently the default (instead appending `*` to the default connection's name) ([12019](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12019)).
- The `--kernel-memory` option to `podman run` and `podman create` has been deprecated in the upstream OCI runtime specification, and is now also deprecated in Podman and will be removed in a future release. Use of the flag will result in a warning.
- Podman will now ship build the pause image used by pods locally, instead of pulling it from the network (using the existing `catatoinit` binary used for `podman run --init`). This allows pods to be easily used on systems without an internet connection.
- The `--rootless-cni` option to `podman unshare` has been renamed to `--rootless-netns`. The old name has been aliased to the new one and will still function, but may be removed in a future release.
- The `--cni-config-dir` option to all Podman commands has been renamed to `--network-config-dir` as it will not be used with Netavark as well as CNI. The old name has been aliased to the new one and will still function, but may be removed in a future release.
- The `--format` option to all Podman commands has been changed to improved functionality and Docker compatibility ([10974](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/10974)).
- The `podman ps --external` flag previously required `--all` to also be specified; this is no longer true
- The port-forwarding logic previously contined in the `podman-machine-cni` CNI plugin has been integrated directly into Podman. The `podman-machine-cni` plugin is no longer necessary and should be removed.
- The `--device` flag to `podman create`, `podman run`, and `podman pod create` would previously refuse to mount devices when Podman was run as a non-root user and no permission to access the device was available; it will now mount these devices without checking permissions ([12704](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12704)).

Bugfixes
- Fixed a bug where networks could be created with the same name as a container network mode (e.g. `host`) ([11448](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11448)).
- Fixed a bug where the `podman save` command was not automatically removing signatures from saved images.
- Fixed a bug where a rare race condition could cause `podman run --rm` to return an error that a given container did not exist when trying to remove it, despite it having been safely removed ([11775](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11775)).
- Fixed a bug where a rare race condition could cause `podman ps` to return an error if a container was removed while the command was running ([11810](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11810)).
- Fixed a bug where running Kube YAML with a CPU limit would using `podman play kube` would result in errors ([11803](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11803)).
- Fixed a bug where creating a pod without an infra container would not generate an Pod Create event.
- Fixed a bug where volumes created with the `:z` and `:Z` options would be relabelled every time a container was started, not just the first time.
- Fixed a bug where the `podman tag` command on a manifest list could tag an image in the manifest, and not the manifest list itself.
- Fixed a bug where creating a volume using an invalid volume option that contained a format string would print a nonsensical error.
- Fixed a bug where Podman would not create a healthcheck for containers created from images that specified a healthcheck in their configuration ([12226](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12226)).
- Fixed a bug where rootless containers that used a custom user namespace (e.g. `--userns=keep-id`) could not have any ports forwarded to them.
- Fixed a bug where the `podman system connection ls` command would not print any output (including headers) if no connections were present.
- Fixed a bug where the `--memory-swappiness` option to `podman create` and `podman run` did not accept 0 as a valid value.
- Fixed a bug where environment variables specified in `containers.conf` for Podman would sometimes not be applied ([12296](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12296)).
- Fixed a bug where running multiple rootless Podman instances with different configurations on the same system could cause networking issues due to the use of a single, shared rootless network namespace ([12306](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12306)).
- Fixed a bug where rootless containers using bridge networking would fail if `/etc/resolv.conf` was a symlink to a directory ([12461](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12461)).
- Fixed a bug where `podman container restore` could sometimes restore containers with a different OCI runtime than they had been using before they were checkpointed.
- Fixed a bug where some commands of the remote Podman client allowed the `--signature-policy` option to be used (with no effect); `--signature-policy` is not supported by the remote client ([12357](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12357)).
- Fixed a bug where images which specified a port range in `EXPOSE` could not be run ([12293](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12293)).
- Fixed a bug where Podman would resolve image names without a tag to any tag of that image available on the local system, instead of the `:latest` tag ([11964](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11964)).
- Fixed a bug where the `--blkio-weight-device` option to `podman create` and `podman run` was nonfunctional.
- Fixed a bug where the `podman generate systemd` command did not support container entrypoints that were specified as JSON arrays ([12477](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12477)).
- Fixed a bug where rootless Podman could, under some circumstances, exhaust all available inotify watches ([11825](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11825)).
- Fixed a bug where, when a container was created with both the `--hostname` and `--pod new:` options, the hostname would be discarded; it is now set as the hostname of the created pod, which will be used by the container.
- Fixed a bug where the order in which `podman network ls` printed networks was not deterministic.
- Fixed a bug where the `podman kill` command would sometimes not print the ID of containers that were killed.
- Fixed a bug where VMs created by `podman machine` did not match their timezone to the host system ([11895](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11895)).
- Fixed a bug where container healthchecks were not properly cleaning up generated systemd services, leading to healthcheck failures after containers were restarted.
- Fixed a bug where the `podman build` command did not properly propagate non-0 exit codes from Buildah when builds failed.
- Fixed a bug where the remote Podman client's `podman build` command could fail to build images when the remote client was run on Windows and the Containerfile contained `COPY` instructions ([13119](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13119)).
- Fixed a bug where the remote Podman client's `--secret` option to the `podman build` command was nonfunctional.
- Fixed a bug where the remote Podman client's `podman build` command would error if given a relative path to a Containerfile ([12841](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12841)).
- Fixed a bug where the `podman generate kube` command would sometimes omit environment variables set in containers from generated YAML.
- Fixed a bug where setting `userns=auto` in `containers.conf` was not respected ([12615](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12615)).
- Fixed a bug where the `podman run` command would fail if the host machine did not have a `/etc/hosts` file ([12667](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12667)).
- Fixed a bug where certain annotations used internally by Podman could be set by images, resulting in `podman inspect` reporting incorrect information ([12671](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12671)).
- Fixed a bug where named volumes would not copy-up after being mounted over an empty directory, then subsequently mounted over a non-empty directory in another container ([12714](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12714)).
- Fixed a bug where the `podman inspect` command on containers was URL-encoding special characters in strings (e.g. healthcheck commands).
- Fixed a bug where the `podman generate kube` command would generate YAML including optional environment variables from secrets and configmaps that are not included ([12553](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12553)).
- Fixed a bug where the `podman pod create` command would ignore the default infra image specified in `containers.conf` ([12771](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12771)).
- Fixed a bug where the `host.containers.internal` entry in `/etc/hosts` was set incorrectly to an inaccessible host IP for `macvlan` networks ([11351](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11351)).
- Fixed a bug where secrets could not be mounted into containers that joined a user namespace (e.g. `--userns=auto`) ([12779](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12779)).
- Fixed a bug where rootless Podman could produce an error about cgroups when containers were created inside existing pods ([10800](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/10800)).
- Fixed a bug where Podman could error that a systemd session was not available despite having the cgroup manager set to `cgroupfs` ([12802](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12802)).
- Fixed a bug where the remote Podman client on Windows would ignore environment variables from the `--env` option to `podman create` and `podman run` ([12056](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12056)).
- Fixed a bug where Podman could segfault when an error occurred trying to set up rootless mode.
- Fixed a bug where Podman could segfault when reading an image layer that did not have a creation timestamp set.
- Fixed a bug where, when Podman's storage directories were on an NFS filesystem, Podman would leave some unneeded file descriptors open, causing errors when containers were removed.
- Fixed a bug where, when Podman's storage directories were on an NFS filesystem, cleaning up a container's exec sessions could fail.
- Fixed a bug where Podman commands that operate on a container could give an incorrect error message if given a partial ID that could refer to 2 or more containers ([12963](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12963)).
- Fixed a bug where the `podman stats` command would not show network usage statistics on containers using `slirp4netns` for networking ([11695](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11695)).
- Fixed a bug where the `/dev/shm` mount in the container was not mounted with `nosuid`, `noexec`, and `nodev` mount options.
- Fixed a bug where the `--shm-size` option to `podman create` and `podman run` interpeted human-readable sizes as KB instead of KiB, and GB instead of GiB (such that a kilobyte was interpreted as 1000 bytes, instead of 1024 bytes) ([13096](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/13096)).

API
- The Podman remote API version has been bumped to v4.0.0.
- The Compat and Libpod Search endpoints for Images now will never truncate the returned image description. The `noTrunc` query parameter is now ignored as such ([11894](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11894)).
- The Libpod Top endpoints for Containers and Pods now support streaming output using the `stream=true` query parameter ([12115](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12115)).
- The Libpod Create endpoint for Volumes now supports specifying labels for the volume both as `Label` and `Labels` in the provided JSON configuration ([12102](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12102)).
- The Compat Create endpoint for Containers now respects cgroup configuration from `containers.conf` ([12550](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12550)).
- The Compat Create endpoint for Containers now respects user namespace configuration from the `PODMAN_USERNS` environment variable ([11350](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11350)).
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Create endpoint for Containers was ignoring the `HostConfig.StorageOpt` field ([11016](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11016)).
- Fixed a bug where the Compat List endpoint for Containers did not populate the `Mounts` field ([12734](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12734)).
- Fixed a bug where a race condition could cause a crash in the server when the Compat or Libpod Attach endpoints for Containers were invoked ([12904](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12904)).
- Fixed a bug where the Libpod Prune endpoint for Images would return nothing, instead of an empty array, when nothing was pruned.
- Fixed a bug where the Compat List endpoint for Images did not prefix image IDs with `sha256:`.
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Push endpoint for Images would return JSON which did not include the `size` field ([12468](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12468)).
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Load endpoint for Images would refuse to accept input archives that contained more than one image.
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Build endpoint for Images ignored the `quiet` query parameter ([12566](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12566)).
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Build endpoint for Images did not include `aux` JSON (which included the ID of built images) in returned output ([12063](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/12063)).
- Fixed a bug where the Compat and Libpod List endpoints for Networks would sometimes not return networks created on the server by the Podman CLI after the API server had been started ([11828](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11828)).
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Inspect endpoint for Networks did not include the subnet CIDR in the returned IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Events endpoint did not properly set the Action field of `Died` events for containers to `die` (previously, `died` was used; this was incompatible with Docker's output).
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Info endpoint did not properly populate information on configured registries.
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Events endpoint did not properly set the exit code of the container in the `exitCode` field in `Died` events for containers.
- Fixed a bug where the Compat Events endpoint did not properly populate the `TimeNano` field.
- Numerous small changes have been made to ensure that the API matches its Swagger documentation

Misc
- The Windows installer MSI distributed through Github releases no longer supports 32-bit systems, as Podman is built only for 64-bit machines.
- Updated Buildah to v1.24.0
- Updated the containers/image library to v5.19.0
- Updated the containers/storage library to v1.38.1
- Updated the containers/common library to v0.47.1
- Updated the containers/psgo library to v1.7.2

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